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Crusades. 14th-century miniature of the Second Crusade battle from the Estoire d'Eracles. The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.
May 6, 2024 · Crusades. Date: 1095 - 1571. Participants: Christianity. Islam. Context: Council of Clermont. Major Events: Albigensian Crusade. Battle of Ḥaṭṭīn. Siege of Edessa. Siege of Damascus. Battle of Lisbon. Key People: Bohemond I. Edward I.
Oct 12, 2018 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 and 1270, as well as many more unofficial ones.
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noun. cru· sade krü-ˈsād. Synonyms of crusade. 1. capitalized : any of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to win the Holy Land from the Muslims. 2. : a remedial enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm. a crusade against drunk driving. crusade. 2 of 2. verb. crusaded; crusading.
- Overview
- Learn about the objectives of the Crusades and their role in the expansion of medieval Europe
Crusades, Military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by Western Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion.
The objectives of the Crusades were to check the spread of Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land, to conquer pagan areas, and to recapture formerly Christian territories. The Crusades were seen by many of their participants as a means of redemption and expiation for sins.
Between 1095, when the First Crusade was launched by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, and 1291, when the Latin Christians were finally expelled from their kingdom in Syria, there were numerous expeditions to the Holy Land, to Spain, and even to the Baltic; the Crusades continued for several centuries after 1291, usually as military campaigns intended to halt or slow the advance of Muslim power or to conquer pagan areas.
The Crusaders initially enjoyed success, founding a Christian state in Palestine and Syria, but the continued growth of Islamic states ultimately reversed those gains. By the 14th century the Ottoman Turks had established themselves in the Balkans and would penetrate deeper into Europe despite repeated efforts to repulse them.
Crusades were also called against heretics (the Albigensian Crusade, 1209–29) and various rivals of the popes, and the Fourth Crusade (1202–04) was diverted against the Byzantine Empire. Crusading declined rapidly during the 16th century with the advent of the Protestant Reformation and the decline of papal authority.
The Crusades constitute a controversial chapter in the history of Christianity, and their excesses have been the subject of centuries of historiography. Historians have also concentrated on the role the Crusades played in the expansion of medieval Europe and its institutions, and the notion of “crusading” has been transformed from a religio-military campaign into a modern metaphor for zealous and demanding struggles to advance the good (“crusades for”) and to oppose perceived evil (“crusades against”).
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Aug 20, 2019 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns waged between Christians and Muslims, Christians and pagans (the Northern Crusades ), and Christians against Christians (the Fourth Crusade and the Albigensian Crusade ).
Jul 4, 2018 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control. There would be eight officially sanctioned crusades between 1095 CE and 1270 CE and many more unofficial ones.
