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Avidyā (P. avijjā; T. ma rig pa མ་རིག་པ་; C. wuming; J. mumyō K. mumyōng 無明) is commonly translated as "ignorance" or "delusion". It can be defined as not understanding the full meaning and implication of the four noble truths or as a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of reality.
Thereafter, Ambedkar studied the sacred texts of Buddhism and found several of its core beliefs and doctrines, such as Four Noble Truths and non-self (anātman), as flawed and pessimistic, then re-interpreted these teachings into what he called "New Vehicle" Buddhism, or Navayāna.
The word “noble” might bring to mind medieval aristocracy, but it actually refers to those who are highly realized. The Four Noble Truths are thus four facts that are seen as true by those who have seen reality non-conceptually. Although these four facts are true, most people don’t understand them, and the majority are not even aware of them.
Lambert Schmithausen similarly argues that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the four dhyānas, is a later addition. Johannes Bronkhorst also argues that the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in earliest Buddhism as a ...
Buddhism arose in Ancient India, in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha, and is based on the teachings of the renunciate Siddhārtha Gautama. The religion evolved as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent throughout Central, East, and Southeast Asia.
Four sights. Siddharta sees the dead man, China, 15th-century printed and hand-coloured edition of Baocheng's biography. The four sights are four events described in the legendary account of Gautama Buddha 's life which led to his realization of the impermanence and the ultimate dissatisfaction of conditioned existence.
Pure Land Buddhism A large branch of Mahayana, dominantly in East Asia. The goal of Pure Land Buddhism is to be reborn in the Western sukhavati of Amitabha, either as a real place or within the mind, through the other-power of repeating the Buddha's name, nianfo or nembutsu. 净土宗 (Ch), 浄土教 (Jp) Cn: Jìngtǔ-zōng.
