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10 hours ago · Social media. Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks. [1] [2] Common features include: [2] Online platforms that enable users to create and share content and participate in social networking.
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A virtual community is a social work of individuals who...
- Web-Based Apps
Traditional PC applications are typically single-tiered,...
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This article is within the scope of WikiProject Computing, a...
- List of Social Networking Services
A social networking service is an online platform that...
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The Mars Orbiter Camera selected by NASA in 1986 (costing...
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10 hours ago · staralliance .com. Star Alliance is the world's first global airline alliance. [2] Founded on 14 May 1997, it is headquartered on the grounds of Frankfurt Airport in Frankfurt, Germany, with a subsidiary management company in Singapore. [6] Star Alliance is also the world's largest airline alliance by market share as of April 2024, with 17.4% ...
10 hours ago · Definition. The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of non-wood forest products including food and medicine, and contribute to rural livelihoods.
10 hours ago · The 1990s (often referred to as the "' 90s " or " Nineties ") was a decade that began on January 1, 1990, and ended on December 31, 1999. Known as the "post-Cold War decade", the 1990s are culturally imagined as the period from the Revolutions of 1989 until the September 11 attacks in 2001. [1] The dissolution of the Soviet Union marked the end ...
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Origins
According to Peter Kropotkin, the origins of mutualism lay in the events of the French Revolution, particularly in the federalist and directly democratic structure of the Paris Commune. The foundations of mutualist economic theory lay in the radicalism of English socialist Thomas Spence. Drawing from the Bible, as well as the liberal works of John Locke and James Harrington, Spence called for the abolition of private property and the workers' control of production through workers' cooperative...
Owenism and Josiah Warren
Thomas Spence's mutualist platform was taken up by Robert Owen, with Owenism becoming a pioneering force in the history of the cooperative movement. By 1826, the term "mutualism" was being used by members of Owen's utopian community of New Harmony, Indiana, in order to propose a more decentralised and libertarian project. The following year, Josiah Warren left New Harmony and established the Cincinnati Time Store, which was based on his ideas of "equitable commerce". This system set cost as t...
Formulation by Proudhon
The term "mutualist" was adopted in 1828 by the canuts of Lyon, who went on to lead a series of revolts throughout the 1830s. At this same time, the young French activist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was first being drawn towards Fourier's utopian socialism; by 1843, Proudhon had joined the mutualists in Lyon. The adoption of the term "mutualist" by Proudhon and his development of anarchismwould result in a shift of its meaning and understanding. Proudhon held "mutuality" (or "exchange in kind") to...
The primary aspects of mutualism are free association, free banking, reciprocity in the form of mutual aid, workplace democracy, workers' self-management, gradualism and dual power. Mutualism is often described by its proponents as advocating an anti-capitalist free market. Mutualists argue that most of the economic problems associated with capital...
In Europe, a contemporary critic of Proudhon was the early libertarian communist Joseph Déjacque. Unlike and against Proudhon, he argued that "it is not the product of his or her labor that the worker has a right to, but to the satisfaction of his or her needs, whatever may be their nature". One area of disagreement between anarcho-communists and m...
Carson, Kevin (2006). Studies in Mutualist Political Economy. BookSurge Publishing.Gambone, Larry (1996). Proudhon and Anarchism: Proudhon's Libertarian Thought and the Anarchist Movement. Red Lion Press.Greene, William Batchelder (1850). Mutual Banking: Showing the Radical Deficiency of the Present Circulating Medium and the Advantages of a Free Currency.Kropotkin, Peter (1902). Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution.10 hours ago · Intel 8080. Successor (s) Z180. Z280. eZ80. Z8000. The Zilog Z80 is an 8-bit microprocessor that played a important role in the evolution of early computing. Software-compatible with the Intel 8080, it offered a compelling alternative due to its lower cost and increased performance.
10 hours ago · The Royal Malaysia Police (often abbreviated RMP) ( Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) ), is a (primarily) uniformed national and federal police force in Malaysia. The force is a centralised organisation, and its headquarters are located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur. The police force is led by an Inspector-General of Police (IGP) who, as of 23 ...
