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15 hours ago · These two definitions of formal logic are not identical, but they are closely related. For example, if the inference from p to q is deductively valid then the claim "if p then q" is a logical truth. Formal logic needs to translate natural language arguments into a formal language, like first-order logic, to assess whether they are valid.
15 hours ago · Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha ...
15 hours ago · Staddon (2017) argues it is a mistake to try following rules in the absence of an algorithmic scientific method; in that case, "science is best understood through examples". [35] [36] But algorithmic methods, such as disproof of existing theory by experiment have been used since Alhacen (1027) Book of Optics , [a] and Galileo (1638) Two New ...
