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8 hours ago · Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a prevalent infectious disease affecting populations worldwide. A classic trait of TB pathology is the formation of granulomas, which wall off the pathogen, via the innate and adaptive immune systems. Some key players involved include tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), foamy macrophages, type I interferons (IFNs ...
8 hours ago · Endocytosis is achieved through phagocytosis, pinocytosis, or receptor-mediated endocytosis where the foreign material uses the membrane-bound receptors to be transported into the cell (Fig. 11.12). In some cases, the phagocytosed particles cannot be digested, and if cytotoxic, they may even lead to death of the macrophages; otherwise, they are ...
8 hours ago · Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a public health issue of worldwide concern [].ZIKV is an arbovirus belonging to family Flaviviridae, genus Orthoflavivirus [].It is a blood-borne pathogen that is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, but it can also be transmitted through human-to-human contact via sexual contact, blood transfusion, or vertical transmission from ...
