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Ešarra-ḫammat (Akkadian: Ešarra-ḫammat, meaning "Ešarra is mistress") was a queen of the Neo-Assyrian Empire as the primary consort of Esarhaddon (r. 681–669 BC). Ešarra-ḫammat had been married to Esarhaddon for over a decade by the time he became king, having married him c. 695 BC.
- c. 712 BC
- Esarhaddon
- February 672 BC (aged c. 40)
Ešarra-hammat was queen of Assyria, wife of Esarhaddon (680-669), mother of Ashurbanipal and Šamaš-šumi-ukin (died in 672). There are no references to her as a living person but the sources make it very clear that her loss caused deep grief for Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal and that she was remembered with great reverence.
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681–669 BC), Ešarra-ḫammat, died in February 672 BC. Contemporary documents recording Ešarra-ḫammat's funeral arrangements record the presence of the queen's daughter and daughter-in-law. Presumably, the daughter was the eldest daughter, Šērūʾa-ēṭirat, and the daughter-in-law might have been Libbāli-šarrat. In that case ...
- Libbāli-šarrat
- Ashurbanipal
- After 631 BC
- Marriage to Bartatua
- Letter to Libbāli-Šarrat
- Later Years
- Legacy
Esarhaddon's questions to the oracle of the Sun-god Shamash mention that Bartatua, a Scythian king who sought a rapprochement with the Assyrians, in 672 BCE asked for the hand of a daughter of Esarhaddon in marriage. Šērūʾa-ēṭirat may have married Bartatua, though the marriage itself is not recorded in the Assyrian texts. The close alliance between...
Although Šērūʾa-ēṭirat is mentioned in several royal inscriptions, she is most known for her letter to her sister-in-law Libbāli-šarrat, wife of her brother, the crown prince Ashurbanipal, written around c.670 BCE. In this letter, Šērūʾa-ēṭirat she respectfully reprimands Libbāli-šarrat for not studying and also reminds her that though Libbāli-šarr...
The title of Šērūʾa-ēṭirat after Esarhaddon's death was ahat šarri ("sister of the king").,although the role she played in the court of her brother Ashurbanipal once Esarhaddon was dead and her eventual fate are both unknown.
A later Aramaic story based on the civil war between her brothers Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin (652–648 BCE) gives Saritrah (Šērūʾa-ēṭirat) a central role in the negotiations before the civil war started around 652 BCE. In the story, Šērūʾa-ēṭirat attempts to broker peace between Sarbanabal (Ashurbanipal) and Sarmuge (Samash-shum-ukin).When t...
- (Šērūʾa-ēṭirat or Šeruʾa-eṭirat)
- Madyes (?)
name of a queen/wife of Esarhaddon: Ešarra-ḫammat. The Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon indicates that his children did not have a single mother; this text carefully differentiates between “sons born by Assurbanipal’s mother” and “the rest of the sons engendered by Esarhaddon”. Who was Assurbanipal’s mother? Who
The Royal Inscription of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680–669 BC) is the inaugural volume of the Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period Project. The volume provides reliable, up-to-date editions of all of the known royal inscriptions of Esarhaddon, a son of Sennacherib who ruled Assyria for twelve years (680–669 BC).
For the meaning of talīmu see May 2012. 31. This woman, who is probably identified in the broken part of the text, is most likely Ešarra-ḫammat, Assurbanipal’s mother; see Parpola 1983, 120; Novotny & Singletary 2009, 174. CROWN PRINCE OR PRINCE?
