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Urdu (/ ˈ ʊər d uː /; اردو, ⓘ; ALA-LC: Urdū) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan, where it is also an official language alongside English.
Apr 13, 2024 · Urdu is spoken as a first language by nearly 70 million people and as a second language by more than 100 million people, predominantly in Pakistan and India. It is the official state language of Pakistan and is also officially recognized, or “scheduled,” in the constitution of India.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- What language family does the Urdu language belong to?The Urdu language is a member of the Indo-Aryan group within the Indo-European family of languages.
- Is the Urdu language the same as Hindi?The Urdu language is closely related to Hindi. They share the same Indo-Aryan base, are similar in phonology and grammar, and are mutually intellig...
- What writing system does the Urdu language use?The Urdu language uses a modified form of Perso-Arabic script known as Nastaliq (nastaʿlīq).
- Where is the Urdu language spoken?The Urdu language is spoken predominantly in Pakistan and India. It is the official state language of Pakistan and is also officially recognized in...
- History
- Relations to Persian
- Levels of Formality
- Poetics
- Common Words/Phrases in Urdu
- Urdu vs. Hindi--What's The difference?
In the 11th century AD, the Ghaznavid Empire ruled over Punjab, the region characterized by five rivers. Also known as Hind, the Punjab was a land east on the Indus River. The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of Turkic ethnicity, was Persian. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring Punjab or Hind...
Differences
The letters in Urdu are derived from the Persian/Farsi alphabet, which is derived from the Arabic alphabet. The additional letters that are found in Urdu include ٹ ,ڈ ,ڑ (ṫ, ḋ, ṙ). To make the alphabet more enriched, two letters were created for the sounds ه (h) and ی (y). By adding these letters to the existing Persian letters, the Urdu alphabet became more suitable for the people of Pakistan and for some people of North India, who primarily use nastaliq script. Both are also Indo-Iranic lan...
Similarities
Urdu is written right to left like Farsi (Persian) script. Urdu is also written in the Nasta’ liq style of Persian Calligraphy. Nastaliq style is a cursive script invented by Mīr ʿAlī of Tabrīz, a very famous calligrapher during the Timurid period (1402–1502). Both belong to the Indo-Iranic language subfamily.[source?]
Informal
Urdu in its less formalized register has been called a rekhta (ریختہ, ), meaning "rough mixture". The more formal register of Urdu is sometimes called zabān-e-Urdu-e-mo'alla (زبان اردو معلہ [zəbaːn eː ʊrd̪uː eː moəllaː]), the "Language of Camp." In local translation, it is called Lashkari Zabān (لشکری زبان [lʌʃkɜ:i: zɑ:bɑ:n]) meaning "language of battalions" or "battalion language." This can be shortened to Lashkari. The etymology of the word used in the Urdu language, for the most part, dec...
Formal
Urdu is supposed to be a well-formed language; many of words are used in it to show respect and politeness. This emphasis on politeness, which comes from the vocabulary, is known as Aadab (Courteous) and to sometimes as takalluf (Formal) in Urdu. These words are mostly used when addressing elders, or people with whom one is not met yet. Just like French Vous and Tu. Upon studying French and other forms of Language, similar formal language constructs are present. The whole grammatical layout a...
Two well-respected poets who are not only celebrated in the South Asian subcontinent, but are famous in many other communities worldwide are Mirza Ghalib and Sir Dr. Muhammed Iqbal.
Formal Urdu: Aap tashreef rakhein = Please have a seat Main mu'azzarat chahta/chahti hun = Please excuse me/I apologize Informal Urdu: Aap bethein (You sit) or Tum betho (Sit, more informal) Main maafi chahta/chahti hun= I ask for forgiveness ************* Aap kaisay hein? = How are you? Main sahein hun = I am fine Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon...
Although often misunderstood as two separate languages, Urdu and Hindi are two registers of the same Hindustani language, often called Hindi-Urdu. Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and spoken by 71 million people in India. Urdu's vocabulary borrows primarily from Chagatai, Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic.Hindi, also historically known as Hindu...
Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Pakistan and India, and also in Nepal, Bangladesh and several other countries. It is also known as Modern Standard Urdu or Lashkari ( لشکری ), and is described as a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language [ source ].
A Guide to Urdu - 10 facts about the Urdu language. Check the Urdu-only version. 1. Where is Urdu spoken? 2. What you already know about Urdu. 3. How hard is it to learn? 4. The most...
The Urdu Wikipedia (Urdu: اردو ویکیپیڈیا), started in January 2004, is the Standard Urdu-language edition of Wikipedia, a free, open-content encyclopedia. [1] [2] As of 25 May 2024, it has 206,267 articles , 179,855 registered users and 14,334 files, and it is the 54th largest edition of Wikipedia by article count, and ranks 20th ...
