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Iran. External links. Zār ceremony on Hormuz Island. In the cultures of the Horn of Africa and adjacent regions of the Middle East, [1] Zār ( Arabic: زار, Ge'ez: ዛር) is the term for a demon or spirit assumed to possess individuals, mostly women, and to cause discomfort or illness.
Zār (harmful “wind”) refers to the spirit possession that causes illness. Believing in the zār illness and the practice of the zār ritual as a therapy originated in Northern and Eastern Africa and was transported to other countries in the Middle East (such as Kuwait and Iran) through slavery.
- Fahimeh Mianji, Yousef Semnani
- 2015
Jul 20, 2009 · ZĀR, harmful wind ( bād) associated with spirit possession beliefs in southern coastal regions of Iran. In southern coastal regions of Iran such as Qeshm Island, people believe in the existence of winds that can be either vicious or peaceful, believer (Muslim) or non-believer (infidel).
Abstract. This article explores the structure and meaning of the Zār ceremony as carried out throughout the Persian Gulf. This ceremony is mirrored by similar ones throughout North and East Africa, suggesting that the Zār may have resulted from cultural diffusion along historical trade routes.
- William O. Beeman
- Anthropology of the Middle East
- 2018
- 13
- Problem formulation
- Objectives of the paper
- Questions of the research
- Dakket Zār
- 1- Upper Egyptian Zār
- Second Section: Analytical Framework
- Form, Melody & Tonality
- Healing in Zār Ritual
- Results
- 1- What is Zār?
- 2- What are the main features of Zār music and songs?
- 5- How did Mazaher ensamble manage to transform the "Zār" from a therapeutic ceremony into a Musical Ritual?
- 3- What are the characteristics of Zār music that causes the state of trance?
- Recommendations
- Abstract
- مروة يوسف الصياد
Rite of Zār is one of the ancient rituals rooted in the Egyptian culture, but due to certain changes of the social and cultural construction of the Egyptian society, Zār gradually disappeared as a ritual and begin to transform as a performance.
This paper aims to Identifying Zār rituals and its origins historically, and addressing how singing, drumming and dancing contribute to those healing rituals. Describing the Main features of Zār music and songs.
The paper further seeks answers to questions such as: What is Zār? What are the main features of Zār music and songs? How did Mazaher ensamble manage to transform the "Zār" from a therapeutic ceremony into a Musical Ritual? What are the characteristics of Zār music that causes the state of trance?
The musical Zār is characterized by the presence of professional musicians who specialize in a variety of Zār ritual singing. Zār ritual singing entices the spirits to manifest themselves in the bodies of the dancing devotees, mainly through possession trances. Zār music is performed in two arenas: the first is Al-Hadra which can also be categorize...
This type of Zār is the "Ṡa‘īdī" or "Egyptian Zār" which is mostly performed by women. The leader – Madiha- starts singing solely and the female singers answer her while playing their percussion instruments. Two male players are only drumming but not participating in the singing. The Zār songs that they perform in this category are many, for exampl...
The researcher chose (Yawra Bey) one of Upper Egyptian Zār songs performed by Mazaher, which represents the common characteristics of Zār music.
The song is characterized with the similarity in tunes, they sound like one melody for almost all the song but with slight variations and different lyrics. The melody is based on a motive consisting of one small phrase that is constantly repeated. This motive revolves around five notes starts with note (G) and followed by Bayātī tetrachord starti...
Listening to the music of Zār in all its styles is very effective, although scientifically it cannot be explained from spirits perspective. When listening to the music of Zār, Somehow the rhythmic sounds grab control of the brains of everyone who are listening, forcing them to operate simultaneously and perform the same behaviors in synchrony. It i...
After studying the music of Zār as a cultural ritual in Egypt, the research questions can be answered as followed:
Zār is an Amharic word refers to both type of spirit and to various practices and rituals associated with those spirits. It is a healing ritual that aims to create harmony between the possessed person and her "master".
The song of the Zār is a "calling" for someone (the spirit) so the phrases are usually short and simple but repeated. The song lyrics are used as a communication tool; they are centred on describing the spirits, their belongings and tools, and their personalities. Rhythm is the most dominant element in Zār music, and practitioners are using differe...
Mazaher ensemble transformed the therapeutic ritual of Zār into a musical concert inspired by the three styles of the Zār that was practiced in Egypt; Upper Egyptian Zār, Sudanese or African Zār, and Abul Gheit Zār. They perform a chosen number of songs every Wednesday at "Makan" in a form of a public concert. They scrapped the round tall table in ...
The healing capabilities in Zār music can be found in its characteristics. These therapeutic elements lie in: Drone: can be found in the effect of a repeated background beat from a drum, or the nonstop performance on the Tambura behind the melody lines of the singing. Repetition: the musical phrase is repeated constantly, this repetition creates ...
Zār is a type of folk art that can be evolved into acting, singing, and music to form a kind of musical theater, and by this we can revive the folklore heritage of Zār and present it in an acceptable way to the society. The elements of Zār rituals such as music, drumming, dancing, and acting, should be studied scientifically to prove the psychologi...
Zār ceremonies are used to heal individuals who are possessed by spirits or as called in Egypt "Jinn". When bad spirits inhabit a person, they are believed to remain with the hosts forever, inducing erratic behavior every few months or years. Zār is a healing ritual that is mostly led by women drumming, Singing and dancing to heal the possessed per...
نرتقي امدنع ." نجلا"رصم يف هيلع قلطي امك و أ صخشلا كلمتي يذلا نيرقلا درطل رزالا سوقط مدختسُت روهظ ىلإ يدؤي امم ، دبلأا ىلإ صخشلا كلذ عم لظي هنأ دقتعمُلا نم هنإف ،ام صخش نيرقلا كلذ سلوكيات غير سوية لذلك الفرد كل بضعة أشهر أو سنوات. الزار هي طقوس شفائية تقودها في الغالب وفي ذروة تلك .ةريرشلا حاورلأاب نوكسملا صخشلا ءافشل صقرلاو ءانغلاو لوبطلا عرق...
Jun 1, 2018 · This article explores the structure and meaning of the Zār ceremony as carried out throughout the Persian Gulf. This ceremony is mirrored by similar ones throughout North and East Africa, suggesting that the Zār may have resulted from cultural diffusion along historical trade routes.
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Sep 1, 2015 · PDF | Zār is the term used to describe a form of spirit possession common in northern African, eastern African, and some Middle-Eastern societies.... | Find, read and cite all the research you ...
