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Mu'awiya I (Arabic: معاوية بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; c. 597, 603 or 605 –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death.
Mu'awiya I ( Arabic: معاوية بن أبي سفيان) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. Previously, he served as the governor of Syria under caliph Umar ( r. 634–644) and then his cousin and caliph Uthman ( r. 644–656 ). After Uthman was murdered, Mu'awiya, as a notable member of the Uthmaniyya, [1] demanded ...
- Governor of Syria
- Conflict with Ali
- Rule
- Legacy
- The Sunni View of Mu'awiyah
- The Shi'a View of Mu'awiyah
- Reference
Upon the death of Yazid in 640, Mu'awiyah was appointed governor of Syria by the caliph 'Umar and gradually gained mastery over the other areas of Syria, instilling remarkable personal loyalty among his troops and the people of the region. By 647 Mu'awiyah had built a Syrian army strong enough to repel a Byzantine attack and, in subsequent years, t...
As a kinsman of the slain caliph Uthman, Mu'awiyah bore the duty of revenge. Because Ali did not apprehend and punish Uthman's murderers, Mu'awiyah regarded him as an accomplice to the murder and refused to acknowledge his caliphate. The same motive had led Aisha, Muhammad's widow, to lead an earlier revolt against Ali. Mu'awiyah had not participat...
After his accession to the position of caliph, Mu'awiyah governed the geographically and politically disparate caliphate, which spread from Egypt in the west to Iran in the east, by strengthening the power of his allies in the newly conquered Arab territories. Prominent positions within the emerging governmental structures were held by Christians, ...
Mu'awiyah greatly beautified Damascus and developed a court to rival that of the Byzantines. He expanded the frontiers of the empire, reaching the very gates of Constantinople at one point, though failing to hold any territory in Asia Minor. Throughout the Umayyad dynasty which he founded, its borders would be commensurate with those of the Islamic...
Mu'awiya is not recognized as one of the four rightly guided caliphs. Most of the early Sunni historians saw his rule, and that of the Umayyad dynasty that followed him, as a descent into mere worldly rule (mulk), kingship rather than religious leadership. These historians were writing after the fall of the Umayyad dynasty to the Abbasids, and henc...
The Shi'a have lost no opportunity to vilify Mu'awiyah. His name is said to mean "Howling bitch in heat" . His supposed conversion to Islam before the conquest of Mecca is dismissed as a fable, or mere hypocrisy. He is said to have opposed Ali, the rightful caliph, out of sheer greed for power and wealth. His reign was an unparalleled disaster, mar...
Makiya, Kanan. The Rock: A Tale of Seventh Century Jerusalem. New York: Pantheon/Random House, 2001. ISBN 0375400877Tamadonfar, Mehran. The Islamic Polity and Political Leadership: Fundamentalism, Sectarianism and Pragmatism. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1989. ISBN 0813374367Tibi, Bassam. The Challenge of Fundamentalism: Political Islam and the New World Disorder. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998. ISBN 0520236904Muawiyah I (معاوية بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; 602 – 26 April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan. In 657, Muawiya's army attacked the army of Ali ibn Abi Talib at the Battle of Siffin.
Muʿāwiyah I - Caliph, Expansion, Reforms: Muʿāwiyah stands out as one of the few caliphs who is depicted both in Muslim historiography and in modern scholarship as a decisive force in Islamic history.
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (UK: / uː ˈ m aɪ j æ d /, US: / uː ˈ m aɪ æ d /; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
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Who was Muawiyah I?
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Jan 23, 2020 · Muawiyah I was the founder of the Umayyad Caliphate and also its first caliph. He and his father, Abu Sufyan, had opposed Prophet Muhammad, who was their distant Qurayshite kinsman. They captured Mecca in 630 AD after which Muawiyah became one of the Muhammad’s scribes. He reigned from 661 AD to 680 AD and his full name was Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan.
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