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Quantifying the difference between two groups
- Effect size is a simple way of quantifying the difference between two groups that has many advantages over the use of typical tests of statistical significance alone (e.g., t-tests). Effect size should be easy to calculate and understand, and it can be used with any outcome in education (and in other disciplines as well).
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Jun 15, 2017 · Education researcher John Hattie developed a method of synthesizing various influences according to their effect size in different meta-analyses. In his original study titled Visible Learning, he ranked 138 influences related to learning outcomes from very positive effects to very negative effects.
Apr 27, 2020 · The term effect size can be misleading. A logical way to interpret it is as “the size of an effect” or how large the causal effect of X is on Y. This interpretation is accurate when it applies to effect sizes that represent the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups in RCTs.
- Matthew A. Kraft
- 2020
What is effect size? Effect size is a simple measure for quantifying the difference between two groups or the same group over time, on a common scale. In an educational setting, effect size is one way to measure the effectiveness of a particular intervention. Effect size enables us to measure both the improvement (gain) in learner
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- Abstract
- Interpreting Effect Sizes of Education Interventions
- 1) Results from correlational studies presented as effect sizes are not causal effects
- Conclusion
Researchers commonly interpret effect sizes by applying benchmarks proposed by Cohen over a half century ago. However, effects that are small by Cohen’s standards are large relative to the impacts of most field-based interventions. These benchmarks also fail to consider important differences in study features, program costs, and scalability. In thi...
The ability to make empirical analyses accessible and meaningful for broad audiences is a critical skill in academia. Translating empirical analyses correctly is an equally important skill for anyone who communicates or consumes scholarly research. However, interpreting research findings can be a substantial challenge when outcomes are measured in ...
The term “effect size” can be misleading. A logical way to interpret it is as “the size of an effect,” or how large the causal effect of X is on Y. This interpretation is accurate when it applies to effect sizes that represent the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups in RCTs. Random assignment eliminates systematic diff...
Rigorous evaluations of education interventions are necessary for evidence-based policy and practice, but they are not sufficient. To inform policy, scholars and policymakers must be able to interpret findings and judge their substantive significance. This is challenging because what, when, and how outcomes are measured, as well as subjective decis...
May 1, 2021 · However, an effect size is simply a statistical translation used to quantify a relationship between two measures on a common scale. It tells us nothing about whether the underlying relationship represents cause and effect or a simple correlation.
Using a class-tested approach that includes numerous examples and step-by-step exercises, it introduces and explains three of the most important issues relating to the practical significance of research results: the reporting and interpretation of effect sizes (Part I), the analysis of statistical power (Part II), and the meta-analytic pooling ...
Dec 10, 2019 · The suggestions involve either using alternative benchmarks or, ideally, contexualising an effect size against comparable studies. The editorial outlines twelve issues for consideration in setting those benchmarks or in interpreting the effect size in context.
