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Gaius Caesar (/ ˈsiːzər /; 20 BC – 21 February 4 AD) was a grandson and heir to the throne of Roman emperor Augustus, alongside his younger brother Lucius Caesar. Although he was born to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, Augustus' only daughter, Gaius and Lucius were raised by their grandfather as his adopted sons and joint-heirs.
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Gaius Caesar (born 20 bce —died February 21, 4 ce, Lycia) was the grandson of the Roman emperor Augustus (reigned 27 bce –14 ce), who would probably, had he survived Augustus, have succeeded to the imperial throne.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Oct 2, 2021 · Gaius Julius Caesar was the son of Marcus Agrippa and grandson of Emperor Augustus. Anticipated as a successor to power, he died unexpectedly in 4 CE.
Lucius Caesar (17 BC – 20 August 2 AD) was a grandson of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. The son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, Augustus' only daughter, Lucius was adopted by his grandfather along with his older brother, Gaius Caesar.
- Name
- Early Life and Family
- Exile
- Accession of Tiberius
- Execution
- Post Mortem
- Historiography
- In Fiction
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Postumus was initially named "Marcus Agrippa" in honour of his father, who died shortly before his birth and so the surname Postumus was added. After the death of his older brothers, Lucius and Gaius Caesar, Postumus was adopted by his maternal grandfather, Augustus. A lex curiata ratified his adoption from which Postumus assumed the filiation Augu...
Agrippa Postumus was born in Rome in 12 BC, approximately three months after his father, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, died in the summer.[note 2] He was born into the equestrian gens Vipsania. His father was one of Augustus' leading generals, and his mother, Julia the Elder, was the daughter of Augustus and his second wife, Scribonia. Postumus was the...
In AD 6, an uprising began in the Roman province of Illyricum. Augustus sent Tiberius to crush the revolt with his army, and after a year of delayed results, he sent Germanicus in his capacity as quaestor to assist in bringing the war to a swift end.The reason, Dio says, that Germanicus was chosen over Postumus is because Postumus was of an "illibe...
Augustus died on 19 August AD 14. Despite being banished, Postumus had not legally been disinherited and so could claim a share in Augustus' inheritance. According to Augustus' will, sealed on 3 April AD 13, Tiberius would inherit two thirds of his estate and Livia one third. There is no mention of Postumus in the document. Tiberius gave the eulogy...
At almost the same time as Augustus' death, Postumus was killed by the centurion Gaius Sallustius Crispus, the great-nephew and adopted son of the historian Sallust. When Crispus reported to Tiberius that "his orders have been carried out", Tiberius threatened to bring the matter before the Senate and professed that he had given no such orders. Tib...
Two years later, there was an attempt by Postumus' former slave Clemens to impersonate him. Clemens was able to impersonate Postumus because people did not remember what Postumus looked like, but Dio also says there was a resemblance between them. The impersonation was carried out by the same slave who had set out in AD 14 to ship Postumus away, an...
According to the historian Erich S. Gruen, various contemporary sources state that Postumus was a "vulgar young man, brutal and brutish, and of depraved character".The Roman historian Tacitus defended him, but his praise was slight: "[He was] the young, physically tough, indeed brutish, Agrippa Postumus. Though devoid of every good quality, he had ...
Postumus is depicted in many works of art due to his relationship with the leading family of the early Roman Empire. They include: 1. I, Claudius (1934), a novel by Robert Graves, presents Postumus in a positive light, as a boyhood friend of the narrator, Claudius. It creates a fictional incident in which Postumus is framed by Livia and her grandda...
Primary sources
1. Cassius Dio, Roman HistoryBooks 55–57, English translation 2. Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Life of Augustus, Latin text with English translation 3. Tacitus, AnnalsI, English translation
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (“Caligula”) Born to Germanicus (24 BCE – 19 CE) and Agrippina the Elder (14 BCE – 33 CE), the great-grandson of Emperor Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE), and future ruler of the Roman Empire, Caligula, was born in A.D. 12 .
In 17 BCE, Augustus adopted his two older grandsons, Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar. After the death of Agrippa in 12 BCE, Augustus married Julia to Livia's son Tiberius, who divorced a wife to whom he was devoted, Vipsania, to marry a woman whom he apparently disliked greatly.
