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What is a black hole?
Conventional black holes are formed by gravitational collapse of heavy objects such as stars, but they can also in theory be formed by other processes. Gravitational collapse
Jul 27, 2016 · WIRED explains the four types of black holes, how they each form and why we can't take direct photos of black holes
- Jonathan O'callaghan
How are black holes formed? Astronomers believe that one of only three things can happen to a star once it has burned out of fuel, depending on its mass: A star less massive than the Sun collapses until it forms a ‘white dwarf’, with a radius of only a few thousand kilometers.
Theorists believe there are three scenarios for their formation: They could be primordial black holes, they might have formed in environments dense with stars, or they formed from mergers of stellar-mass black holes.
- History
- Formation of Black Holes
- Supermassive Black Holes
- Parts of A Black Hole
- Effect on Light
- Hawking Radiation
- Properties of Black Holes
In 1783, an English clergyman named John Michell wrote that it might be possible for something to be so heavy you would have to go at the speed of light to get away from its gravity. Gravity gets stronger as something gets more massive. For a small thing, like a rocket, to escape from a larger thing, like Earth, it has to escape the pull of the Ear...
The gravitational collapse of huge (high-mass) stars cause "stellar mass" black holes. This happens when really big stars run out of fuel. Star formation in the early universe may have created very big stars. These stars were so large that their cores collapsed into black holes. The black hole at the center of these stars slowly consumed the star f...
Black holes have also been found in the middle of almost every galaxy in the known universe. These are called supermassive black holes(SBH), and are the biggest black holes of all. They formed when the Universe was very young, and also helped to form all the galaxies. Quasars are believed to be powered by gravity collecting material into supermassi...
The Event Horizon
A black hole is separated from the rest of the Universe by its event horizon. The Event Horizon is a border which separates the black hole from the rest of the Universe. Anything which crosses it cannot escape, not even light. Anything that happens inside this boundary can't be seen from the outside. Near a black hole, time appears to slow down. This is known as gravitational time dilation. This happens because gravity affects time. The stronger the gravity, the slower time passes. Objects se...
At the middle of a black hole, there is a gravitational center called a singularity. It is impossible to see into it because the gravity prevents any light escaping. Outside the event horizon, light and matter will still be pulled toward the black hole. If a black hole is surrounded by matter, the matter will form an "accretion disk" around the bla...
Hawking radiation is black body radiation which is emitted by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon. It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument for its existence in 1974. Hawking radiation reduces the mass and the energy of the black hole and is therefore also known as black hole evapor...
The no hair theorem basically says that once a black hole has formed, it only has three physical properties that we can measure: mass, charge, and spin. If this is true, then if two black holes had the same mass, charge and spin then they will look the same. As of 2020, it is unclear if the no hair theoremis true for real black holes. The propertie...
Apr 25, 2023 · Black holes are objects so dense that not even light can escape their gravity. Introduction to Black Holes — Basic | Introduction to Black Holes — Advanced The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Mar 27, 2019 · Most black holes form after a giant star, one at least 10 times as massive as our sun, runs out of fuel and collapses. The star shrinks and shrinks and shrinks. Eventually, it forms a tiny dark point. This is known as a stellar-mass black hole. Now much smaller than the star that made it, this black hole still has the same mass and gravity.
