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May 13, 2024 · Rosa Luxemburg, Polish-born German revolutionary and agitator who played a key role in founding the Polish Social Democratic Party and the Spartacus League, which grew into the Communist Party of Germany.
- Early Years
- Germany and The Revisionism Debate
- Marxist Theory
- Mass Action and Democracy
- Bibliography
Luxemburg was born in 1871 into a middle-class Jewish family in Zamość, Poland, at the time a part of the Russian Empire. Her background, like her future politics, reflected the multiethnic and multilingual world of central and eastern Europe. The family was not religious. Her parents spoke Polish at home and read and admired German literature. Lux...
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Germany's Social Democratic Party (SPD) was the largest and best-organized socialist party in the world. It also claimed moral stature as the party of Marx and Engels. It occupied pride of place in the Socialist International. To have a decisive influence on the future of the socialist movement,...
Moreover, like many Marxists, Luxemburg would never be able to resolve intellectually the key theoretical issue concerning the collapse of capitalism: would the decisive blow come from the systemic contradictions of capitalism, or from the revolutionary action of the proletariat? (She would have responded that the very question is undialectical and...
The Russian Revolutionof 1905 provided the opportunity for her to develop further her thoughts on socialist strategy. The socialist parties had been taken by surprise when workers set loose a strike wave that reached all the industrializing areas of the Russian Empire, including Poland. Workers demanded better wages and working conditions, but the ...
Primary Sources
Ettinger, Elzbieta, ed. and trans. Comrade and Lover: Rosa Luxemburg's Letter to Leo Jogiches.Cambridge, Mass., 1979. Waters, Mary-Alice, ed. Rosa Luxemburg Speaks. New York, 1970.
Secondary Sources
Abraham, Richard. Rosa Luxemburg: A Life for the International. Oxford, U.K., 1989. Nettl, Peter. Rosa Luxemburg.Abridged ed. Oxford, U.K., 1969. Schorske, Carl E. German Social Democracy, 1905–1917: The Development of the Great Schism. Cambridge, Mass., 1955. Weitz, Eric D. Creating German Communism, 1890–1990: From Popular Protests to Socialist State. Princeton, N.J., 1997. Eric D. Weitz
Socialist philosopher, economist, and teacher who was jailed for opposing German entry into the First World War, Rosa Luxemburg was murdered for calling for a German republic. Download the Graphic Biography PDF here or click on the image above.
Rosa Luxemburg was a towering figure of the classical socialist movement — a brilliant thinker, sharp-tongued rhetorician, and trailblazing leader of the proletarian revolution.
Rosa Luxemburg was a prominent Marxist theorist known for her critiques of capitalism, imperialism, and reformism. She emphasized the importance of mass strikes and revolutionary action to bring about social change.
Rosa Luxemburg was a Marxist and a leader of the radical wing of the German Social Democratic Party. Her work was burned in Nazi Germany in 1933. Learn more.
Jan 24, 2019 · The writer and activist Rosa Luxemburg was murdered 100 years ago. Kate Evans, cartoonist and Luxemburg's latest biographer, tells us why she still matters today.
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