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Oct 12, 2018 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 and 1270, as well as many more unofficial ones.
- Mark Cartwright
- The Crusades affected Europe in that great wealth was invested in these wars and many of the ruling class died in them. Military orders were create...
- The three main causes of the crusades were: The Byzantine emperors wanted military help from Europe, the Popes wanted more power and prestige, and...
- The beginning of the Crusades was proclaimed by Pope Urban II.
May 5, 2015 · The First Crusade was called in November 1095 by Pope Urban II at the town of Clermont in central France. The pope made a proposal: 'Whoever for devotion alone, but not to gain honour or money, goes to Jerusalem to liberate the Church of God can substitute this journey for all penance.'
Aug 20, 2019 · On 27 November 1095 CE, Urban II called for a crusade in a speech during the Council of Clermont, France.
- Mark Cartwright
- Publishing Director
- The Sermon at Clermont
- The First Crusade
- The Holy Lance
- The Second Crusade
- The Third Crusade
- Saladin
- Richard, Saladin, and Chivalry
- The Fourth Crusade
- The Fifth Crusade
- The Lateran Palace
Pope Urban II's first step after receiving the Byzantine emperor Alexius's appeal for help in liberating the Holy Land(see "A Cry for Help" in Chapter 4) was to plan a church council in Clermont, a city in the south-central French province of Auvergne. The council took place in November 1095. Late in the day on November 27, a crowd began to assembl...
From August through October 1096 groups of trained troops, each under the command of a noble, departed from Europe. Most were from France, although significant numbers were from Germany and Italy. The first group, under the command of a noble named Hugh of Vermandois, arrived at Constantinople in October. This group was followed by others through t...
The discovery of the Holy Lance in Antioch during the First Crusade was almost certainly a hoax. What may be the true lance has been in the hands of various leaders, including the Roman emperor Constantine; Charlemagne ("Charles the Great"), the legendary Frankish king of the late eighth and early ninth centuries; the French emperor Napoleon in the...
The few thousand Europeans who remained in Jerusalem and the other Crusader states—Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli—knew that they were vulnerable to attack. But for nearly four decades, no one seemed prepared to step forward and lead the Muslims in an effort to expel the colonists from their land. Inspiration finally came from a Turkish leader named I...
Saladin is the common name given to Salah al-Din Yusuf (1137–1193), who by this time had surrounded the Crusader states as sultan of Syria and Egypt. During the Third Crusade and the centuries that followed, his was perhaps the one name of a Muslim warrior that became widely known in other parts of the world, inspiring a mixture of fear and respect...
King Guy and Reynald of Châtillon were both taken prisoner and delivered to Saladin at his tent after the Battle of Hattin. There, Saladin behaved in a way that contributed to his reputation. Gracious in victory, he offered the parched king a drink of water, which Guy gratefully accepted. When Guy tried to offer the goblet to Reynald, Saladin stopp...
A number of legends grew up around Saladin and his willingness to extend the hand of chivalry (courtesy) to Richard. In one battle Richard's horse was killed. Saladin believed that a king, any king, should not have to suffer the indignity of fighting on foot, so he called a truce and had two horses delivered to the English king. On another occasion...
At the time of the Fourth Crusade, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was ruled by a court in exile at the port city of Acre. The kingdom the court ruled was a small strip of land, at its widest about 10 miles (16 kilometers), that ran from Jaffa to Tyre. This holding, along with Antioch and Tripoli, represented the tattered remnants of the original Crusader...
Nothing would change with the Fifth Crusade, which was fated to be yet another disaster for Christians in the East. Jerusalem had signed a treaty with al-Adil, the Syrian chief who controlled the city, and for fifteen years peace reigned in the region. With the treaty due to expire in 1215, the king of Jerusalem appealed to the pope for a new Crusa...
At the time of Pope Innocent III, the Lateran Palace (rather than the modern-day Vatican) was the pope's residence and the seat of the church. It is part of a complex of courtyards, chapels, and halls and includes a magnificent basilica. The Lateran buildings are built on Lateran Hill. During the reign of the Roman emperor Nero, a strange legend de...
Nov 21, 2023 · When did the Great Crusades end? The Great Crusades ended after the Ninth Crusade in 1271. The original call for the holy war had been replaced with political and economic greed.
- 11 min
- There were 4 major Crusades (the first four) and then 5 more Crusades that were minor, as nothing significant happened as a result. There was also...
- Richard I the Lionheart of England negotiated a truce with Saladin over who would control Jerusalem. Technically there was no winner, as Jerusalem...
- The Great Crusades began as a quest to bring Jerusalem under Christian control. This was successful in the First Crusade, but then Jerusalem was l...
- The Muslims, led by Nur al-Din, won the Second Crusade as the Christian Crusaders suffered several defeats: the loss of Edessa (one of the 4 kingdo...
Origins of the Crusades. The Crusades did not happen spontaneously or as a result of a particular event. A number of factors came together to create the political, social, religious, and economic environment that enabled the "crusading spirit" to take root and spread throughout Europe.
The crusades were started at the Council of Clermont where Pope Urban II called for the Christians in the west to defend their brethren in the east. This was framed as an armed pilgrimage and an act of penance through which one could earn salvation.
