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  2. Jun 29, 2001 · First published Fri Jun 29, 2001; substantive revision Wed Nov 8, 2023. Bento (in Hebrew, Baruch; in Latin, Benedictus) Spinoza is one of the most important philosophers—and certainly the most radical—of the early modern period. His thought combines a commitment to a number of Cartesian metaphysical and epistemological principles with ...

  3. As a forerunner of the Age of Enlightenment, Spinoza significantly influenced modern biblical criticism, 17th-century rationalism, and Dutch intellectual culture, establishing himself as one of the most important and radical philosophers of the early modern period. [15]

  4. Feb 5, 2024 · Books. Baruch Spinoza and the Art of Thinking in Dangerous Times. The philosopher was a champion of political and intellectual freedom, but he had no interest in being a martyr. Instead, he...

  5. Jan 29, 2024 · Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Dutch philosopher who combined rationalism and metaphysics to create a unique system of thought. Spinoza was held up as an atheist philosopher in the 18th century, but this is not an entirely accurate representation of his views since he did not deny the existence of God but only theorised that he might be ...

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  6. Spinoza was a moral anti-realist who denied that anything is good or bad independently of human desires and beliefs. He also endorsed ethical egoism and contractarianism, but based on his unorthodox metaphysical picture of substance monism, necessitarianism, and the conatus doctrine.

  7. Apr 21, 2008 · 1. Historical Background. 1.1 Theological and Political Background. 1.2 Intellectual Background. 2. Basic Features of Spinoza’s Political Philosophy. 2.1 Hobbes and Spinoza on the Right of Nature. 2.2 Hobbes and Spinoza on Obligation. 2.3 Spinoza and Normativity. 3. The Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. 3.1 Countering Superstition.

  8. Jan 10, 2022 · 1. Guiding commitments. 1.1 Universal intelligibility. 1.2 Attribute barrier. 1.3 The priority of an infinite thinker. 1.4 Philosophy as a way of life. 2. Philosophy of mind. 2.1 Minds. 2.1.1 Minds as bundles. 2.1.2 Minds as parts. 2.1.3 Panpsychism. 2.2 Human minds. 2.2.1 Ideas of bodies. 2.2.2 Knowing your pancreas and other problems.

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