Search results
- Scientific reasoning encompasses core reasoning and problem-solving competencies and involves basic inference processes in forming hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, distinguishing determinate evidence from indeterminate evidence, and interpreting results as evidence that supports or refutes the hypotheses.
www.sciencedirect.com › topics › psychology
People also ask
What is the scientific reasoning process?
What is scientific reasoning & scientific thinking?
What are the two types of scientific reasoning?
What is the goal of scientific reasoning?
Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Scientific Reasoning: Scientists use two types of reasoning, inductive and deductive, to advance scientific knowledge. Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion.
Scientific thinking refers to both thinking about the content of science and the set of reasoning processes that permeate the field of science: induction, deduction, experimental design, causal reasoning, concept formation, hypothesis testing, and so on.
The logic of scientific arguments. Taken together, the expectations generated by a scientific idea and the actual observations relevant to those expectations form what we’ll call a scientific argument. This is a bit like an argument in a court case — a logical description of what we think and why we think it.
Scientific reasoning encompasses core reasoning and problem-solving competencies and involves basic inference processes in forming hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, distinguishing determinate evidence from indeterminate evidence, and interpreting results as evidence that supports or refutes the hypotheses.
- Observation
- Theories and Hypotheses
- Predictions
- Data
- The Virtuous Cycle
- Differences
Most research has real world observation as its initial foundation. Looking at natural phenomena is what leads a researcher to question what is going on, and begin to formulate scientific questions and hypotheses. Any theory, and prediction, will need to be tested against observable data.
This is where the scientist proposes the possible reasons behind the phenomenon, the laws of nature governing the behavior. Scientific research uses various scientific reasoning processes to arrive at a viable research problemand hypothesis. A theory is generally broken down into individual hypotheses, or problems, and tested gradually.
A good researcher has to predict the results of their research, stating their idea about the outcome of the experiment, often in the form of an alternative hypothesis. Scientists usually test the predictions of a theory or hypothesis, rather than the theory itself. If the predictions are found to be incorrect, then the theory is incorrect, or in ne...
Data is the applied part of science, and the resultsof real world observations are tested against the predictions. If the observations match the predictions, the theory is strengthened. If not, the theory needs to be changed. A range of statistical tests is used to test predictions, although many observation based scientific disciplines cannot use ...
This process is cyclical: as experimental results accept or refute hypotheses, these are applied to the real world observations, and future scientists can build upon these observations to generate further theories.
Whilst the scientific reasoning process is a solid foundation to the scientific method, there are variations between various disciplines. For example, social science, with its reliance on case studies, tends to emphasis the observation phase, using this to define research problemsand questions. Physical sciences, on the other hand, tend to start at...
Abstract. ‘Scientific reasoning’ asks how much confidence should be placed in the inferences scientists make. What exactly is the nature of scientific reasoning? The important distinction between deductive and inductive patterns of reasoning is explained before Hume's problem is outlined.
Apr 30, 2021 · As part of high-order thinking processes, Scientific Reasoning (SR) and Scientific Thinking (ST) are concepts of great relevance for psychology and educational disciplines (Kuhn, 2009 ). The relevance of these concepts resides in two levels.
