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  1. The Critique of Practical Reason Immanuel Kant 1144 downloads. Kant's Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics Immanuel Kant 833 downloads. Kant's Critique of Judgement Immanuel Kant 772 downloads. Zum ewigen Frieden: Ein philosophischer Entwurf (German) Immanuel Kant 696 downloads.

    • Overview
    • Background and early years

    Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the foremost thinkers of the Enlightenment. His comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism.

    What was Immanuel Kant’s childhood like?

    Immanuel Kant’s father, a saddler, was, according to Kant, descended from a Scottish immigrant, and his mother was remarkable for her character and natural intelligence. Both parents were devoted Pietists, and the influence of their pastor made it possible for Kant—the fourth of nine children but the eldest surviving child—to obtain an education.

    What did Immanuel Kant do for a living?

    Immanuel Kant worked as a family tutor for nine years before he finished university. He worked for 15 years as a Privatdozent, or lecturer, at the University of Königsberg until he was appointed to the chair of logic and metaphysics, a position in which he remained active until a few years before his death.

    What did Kant write?

    Kant lived in the remote province where he was born for his entire life. His father, a saddler, was, according to Kant, a descendant of a Scottish immigrant, although scholars have found no basis for this claim; his mother was remarkable for her character and natural intelligence. Both parents were devoted followers of the Pietist branch of the Lutheran church, which taught that religion belongs to the inner life expressed in simplicity and obedience to moral law. The influence of their pastor made it possible for Kant—the fourth of nine children but the eldest surviving child—to obtain an education.

    At the age of eight Kant entered the Pietist school that his pastor directed. This was a Latin school, and it was presumably during the eight and a half years he was there that Kant acquired his lifelong love for the Latin classics, especially for the naturalistic poet Lucretius. In 1740 he enrolled in the University of Königsberg as a theological student. But, although he attended courses in theology and even preached on a few occasions, he was principally attracted to mathematics and physics. Aided by a young professor who had studied Christian Wolff, a systematizer of rationalist philosophy, and who was also an enthusiast for the science of Sir Isaac Newton, Kant began reading the work of the English physicist and, in 1744, started his first book, Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte (1746; Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces), dealing with a problem concerning kinetic forces. Though by that time he had decided to pursue an academic career, the death of his father in 1746 and his failure to obtain the post of under-tutor in one of the schools attached to the university compelled him to withdraw and seek a means of supporting himself.

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    • Kant: Lectures and Drafts on Political Philosophy. Edited and translated by. Translated by. Published online: 10 December 2020. Print publication: 18 August 2016.
    • Lectures on Anthropology. Edited and translated by , Translated by , Published online: 05 April 2013. Print publication: 20 December 2012. Book. Get access.
    • Kant: Natural Science. Edited by. Published online: 05 November 2012. Print publication: 04 October 2012. Book. Get access. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login.
    • Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited and translated by , Published online: 05 May 2013. Print publication: 29 November 2007. Book. Get access. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login.
  3. Biography. Philosophy. Influence and legacy. Bibliography. Notes. References. External links. Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

  4. Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch ( German: Zum ewigen Frieden. Ein philosophischer Entwurf) is a 1795 book authored by German philosopher Immanuel Kant. [1] In the book, Kant advances ideas that have subsequently been associated with democratic peace, commercial peace, and institutional peace. [2] [3] [4]

  5. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804: Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? (annotated 1784 German text and modern English translation), trans. by Stephen Orr (HTML with commentary at github.io)

  6. The Critique of Pure Reason ( German: Kritik der reinen Vernunft; 1781; second edition 1787) is a book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, in which the author seeks to determine the limits and scope of metaphysics.

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