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Majapahit ( Javanese: ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; Javanese pronunciation: [madʒapaɪt] ), also known as Wilwatikta [note 3] ( Javanese: ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; Javanese pronunciation: [wɪlwatɪkta] ), was a Javanese Hindu - Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia ). [4]
- Native gold and silver coins, Kepeng
Majapahit empire, the last Indianized kingdom in Indonesia, based in eastern Java and existing between the 13th and 16th centuries. The founder of the empire was Vijaya, a prince of Singhasari who escaped when Jayakatwang, the ruler of Kaḍiri, seized the palace. In 1292 Mongol troops came to Java.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Aug 19, 2015 · The Majapahit Empire was short-lived, as its power began to shortly after Hayam Wuruk’s death. At the beginning of the 15th century AD, a war of succession that lasted for four years broke out. At the same time, Islam was spreading in the region, and many kingdoms were converting to this faith.
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Formation
After defeating Srivijaya in Sumatra in 1290, Singhasari became the most powerful kingdom in the area. Kublai Khan, the ruler of the Chinese Yuan Dynasty, challenged Singhasari by sending emissaries demanding tribute, but Kertanegara, the last ruler of Singhasari, refused. In 1293, Kublai Khan sent a massive expedition of one thousand ships to Java. By the time they arrived, Jayakatwang, the Adipati (Duke) of Kediri, a vassal state of Singhasari, had usurped and killed Kertanagara. Raden Wija...
Golden Age
Hayam Wuruk, also known as Rajasanagara, ruled Majapahit from 1350–1389. During this period, Majapahit attained its peak with the support of his Prime Minister, Gajah Mada. Under Gajah Mada's command (1313–1364 C.E.), Majapahit’s armies conquered more territory. In 1377, a few years after Gajah Mada's death, Majapahit sent a punitive naval attack against Palembang, contributing to the end of the Srivijayan kingdom. Gajah Mada's other renowned general, Adityawarman, was known for his conquest...
Decline
Following Hayam Wuruk's death in 1389, Majapahit power entered a period of decline due to conflicts over succession. Hayam Wuruk was succeeded by the crown princess Kusumawardhani, who married a relative, Prince Wikramawardhana. Hayam Wuruk also had a son from a previous marriage, Crown Prince Wirabhumi, who also claimed the throne. A civil war, called Paregreg, is thought to have occurred from 1405 to 1406,in which Wikramawardhana was victorious and Wirabhumi was caught and decapitated. Wikr...
The main event of the administrative calendar took place on the first day of the month of Caitra (March-April) when representatives from all territories paying tax or tribute to Majapahit came to the capital to pay court. Majapahit's territories were roughly divided into three types: The palace and its vicinity; the areas of east Java and Bali whic...
In the Majaphit kingdom, taxes and fines were paid in cash. Java's economy had bean at least partly monetized since the late eighth century, with the use of gold and silver coins. In about the year 1300, during the reign of Majapahit's first king, an important change took place: The indigenous coinage was completely replaced by imported Chinese cop...
Majapahit was the largest empire ever to form in Southeast Asia. Although its political power beyond the core area in east Java was diffuse, constituting mainly ceremonial recognition of suzerainty, Majapahit society developed a high degree of sophistication in both commercial and artistic activities. Its capital was inhabited by a cosmopolitan pop...
Raden Wijaya, styled Kertarajasa Jayawardhana (1294-1309)Kalagamet, styled Jayanagara (1309-1328)Sri Gitarja, styled Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi (1328-1350)Hayam Wuruk, styled Sri Rajasanagara (1350-1389)Celebrated as "the golden era of the archipelago," the Majapahit empire has and still continues to inspired many writers and artists to create works based on, or set in the Majapahit era. These include Sandyakalaning Majapahit, a 1933 historical romance written by Sanusi Pane; Panji Koming (since 1979), a weekly comic strip by Dwi Koendoro publishe...
TrowulanBalinese peopleHinduism in IndonesiaKidung SundaFriend, Theodore. 2003. Indonesian Destinies. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674011373.Mason, Colin. 2000. A Short History of Asia Stone Age to 2000 C.E.. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312230593.Muljana, Slamet. 1976. A Story of Majapahit. Singapore: Singapore University Press.Pameran Kemegahan Majapahit. 2006. Majapahit Trowulan. Jakarta: Indonesian Heritage Society. ISBN 9789799563460.All links retrieved August 8, 2018. 1. A Short History of Majapahit. 2. Memory of Majapahit Kingdom. 3. The Majapahit era.
An Indianized kingdom, Majapahit was the last of the major Hindu empires of the Malay archipelago and is considered one of the greatest states in Indonesian history. Its influence extended over much of modern-day Indonesia and Malaysia though the extent of its influence is the subject of debate.
Hayam Wuruk’s reign (1350–89) is remembered in the archipelago as the most glorious period in Javanese history. Prapancha ’s poem the Nagarakertagama provides a rare glimpse of the kingdom from a 14th-century point of view.
Oct 15, 2023 · Majapahit was a Javanese Hindu - Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java. It existed from 1293 to circa 1527 and reached its peak of glory during the era of Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 was marked by conquests that extended throughout Southeast Asia.
