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The eventual disillusionment of those who migrated to the North and the frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for the back-to-Africa movement of the 1920s, established by Marcus Garvey.
Nov 9, 2009 · Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-born Black nationalist and leader of the Pan-Africanism movement, which sought to unify and connect people of African descent worldwide.
Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association form a critical link in black America's centuries-long struggle for freedom, justice, and equality.
Aug 2, 2017 · Upon his immigration to the United States in 1917, Garvey embarked on a mission to spread his “Back to Africa” mantra, despite frequent backlash from the black middle and professional classes.
Feb 11, 2021 · Garvey owned a shipping company, the Black Star Line, and he promised some of his followers a spot on one of the boats that he said would take them back to Africa. To a better life.
Jun 6, 2024 · Marcus Garvey, charismatic Black leader who organized the first important American Black nationalist movement (1919–26), based in New York City’s Harlem. He reached the height of his power in 1920, when he presided at an international convention, with delegates present from 25 countries.
A proponent of the Back-to-Africa movement, Garvey called for a vanguard of educated and skilled African Americans to travel to West Africa, a journey which would be facilitated by his Black Star Line.
