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Europe. January 13 – At the first recorded meeting of the college of the seven Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, the 48-year-old Richard of Cornwall (the brother of King Henry III of England) is elected King of the Romans. He is crowned at Aachen, on May 17.
The primary causes of the Schism were disputes over papal authority— the pope claimed he held authority over the four Eastern Greek-speaking patriarchs, and over the insertion of the filioque clause into the Nicene Creed by the Western Church.
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What year was 1257?
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Does the 1257 Samalas volcanic eruption affect climate proxies?
Did Samalas erupt in 1257?
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's extent varies depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean world, the Roman Empire (both Western and Eastern ), and medieval "Christendom".
Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. A.D. 1257 or 1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere of the past 7,000 y.
Jan 23, 2017 · The eruption of Samalas Volcano in Indonesia in 1257 was one of the largest in the history of human civilization and probably perturbed global climate.
- Francis Ludlow
- ludlowf@tcd.ie
- 2017
Bruce M. S. Campbell. Article. Metrics. Get access. Cite. Rights & Permissions. Abstract. In 1258, as baronial opposition to Henry III erupted and the government became locked in constitutional conflict, the country found itself in the grip of a serious food crisis. To blame was a run of bad weather and failed harvests.
Jan 23, 2017 · In 1258, western Europe, the Canadian Rockies, central Asia and Siberia were the most severely affected with a reconstructed cooling between −1.4 and −2 °C (with respect to 30-yr climatology).
