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1445 adalah tahun biasa yang diawali hari Jumat dalam kalender Julian, tahun ke-1445 dalam sebutan Masehi (CE) dan Anno Domini (AD), tahun ke-445 pada Milenium ke-2, tahun ke-45 pada Abad ke-15, dan tahun ke- 6 pada dekade 1440-an.
Kategori: 1440-an. Kategori tersembunyi: Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata.
1571 or 1190 or 418. — to —. 阴木牛年. (female Wood- Ox) 1572 or 1191 or 419. Year 1445 ( MCDXLV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .
- History
- Legal Standing
- Contents
- See Also
- References
The writing
The Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies in 1942, defeated the Dutch colonial regime, and occupied it for the duration of World War II. The territory then fell under the jurisdiction of the Japanese Southern Expeditionary Army Group (南方軍, Nanpō gun), based in Saigon, Vietnam. The Japanese divided the territory into three military government regions, based on the largest islands: Sumatra was under the Japanese 25th Army, Java under the Japanese 16th Army and East Indonesia (the eastern islan...
Other constitutions
Following the transfer of sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia (RIS), in December 1949, the state adopted a bicameral system. The KNIP met for the last time on 15 December 1949 to agree to the Republic of Indonesia joining the United States of Indonesia (RIS). However, this state was short lived and when Indonesia became a unitary state in August 1950, the Working Committee of the KNIP became part of the House of Representatives and Constitution 1945 (usually referred to by the Indon...
Constitutional amendments
Suharto, who officially became president in 1968, refused to countenance any changes to the Constitution despite the fact that even Sukarno had viewed it as a provisional document. In 1983, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) passed a decree stipulating the need for a nationwide referendum to be held before any amendments were made to the Constitution. This led to a 1985 law requiring such a referendum to have a 90% turnout and for any changes to be approved by a 90% vote. Then in 1997,...
The 1945 Constitution has the highest legal authority in the country's system of government. The executive, legislative and judicial branches of government must defer to it. The Constitution was originally officially enacted on 18 August 1945. The attached Elucidation, drawn up by Raden Soepomo (1903–1958), Indonesia's first justice minister, was o...
Preamble
The preamble to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia contains the Pancasilastate philosophy.
Chapter I: Form of state and sovereignty
States that Indonesia is a unitary republicbased on law with sovereignty in the hands of the people and exercised through laws.
Chapter II: People's Consultative Assembly
States that the People's Consultative Assembly is made up of the members of the House of Representatives and the Regional Representatives Council, all of the members of both bodies being directly elected. The People's Consultative Assembly changes and passes laws, appoints the president, and can only dismiss the president or vice-president during their terms of office according to law.
Adnan Buyung Nasution (2001) The Transition to Democracy: Lessons from the Tragedy of Konstituante in Crafting Indonesian Democracy, Mizan Media Utama, Jakarta, ISBN 979-433-287-9Cribb, Robert (2001). "Parlemen Indonesia 1945-1959" [Indonesian Parliaments 1945-1959]. Panduan parlemen Indonesia [Indonesian Parliamentary Guide]. Jakarta: Yayasan API. ISBN 979-96532-1-5.Dahlan Thaib, Dr. H, (1999), Teori Hukum dan Konstitusi (Legal and Constitutional Theory), Rajawali Press, Jakarta, ISBN 979-421-674-7Denny Indrayana (2008) Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition, Kompas Book Publishing, Jakarta ISBN 978-979-709-394-5.This page displays the current Islamic calendar in Indonesia for the Hijri year 1445 corresponding to the Gregorian years 2023, 2024. Following is the calendar of the current Hijri month Dhu al-Hijjah 1445 in Indonesia.
late September: British troops, mostly Indian, reach Jakarta. late September: Major public infrastructure in Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Malang and Bandung is now controlled by Republican youths. late September: News of the proclamation of Indonesian independence has now spread to all outer islands.
People also ask
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1445 ( MCDXLV ) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1445th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 445th year of the 2nd millennium, the 45th year of the 15th century, and the 6th year of the 1440s decade.
