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- Both the UCE and LCE contain olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), supporting cells, and basal cells. In many turtles, the ORNs in the UCE have cilia at the tips of their dendrites, whereas those in the LCE lack cilia but have microvilli (Graziadei and Tucker, 1970; Hatanaka et al., 1982).
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Nov 15, 2023 · The turtle olfactory organ consists of the upper (UCE) and lower (LCE) chamber epithelium, projecting to the ventral and dorsal parts of the olfactory bulbs, respectively.
Aug 17, 2022 · In the olfactory bulb of turtles, mitral cells exhibited strong VGLUT1 and moderate VGLUT2 expression, identifying glutamate as the major neurotransmitter in the olfactory bulb afferent (Hussan, 2016; Hussan et al., 2017; Sarkar and Atoji, 2018). Alternatively, GluRs in the turtle olfactory bulb region and the central amygdaloid nucleus remain ...
- 10.3389/fnana.2022.937504
- 2022
- Front Neuroanat. 2022; 16: 937504.
May 3, 2023 · To understand the olfactory nerve and its clinical implications, this article will trace the olfactory nerve from its receptor cells, located in the nasal epithelium, to the olfactory cortex and beyond.
- Carolyn Perry
- 16 min
- Medical Content Validation
- Turtle Crawl
- From Metronome to Network
- Potential For Als and Spinal Cord Injuries
In the study, the research group used electrodes to study the spinal cord reflex of turtles when they scratched themselves with one hind leg. A reflex also found in dogs, cats and a number of other mammals. Humans are likewise equipped with a variety of spinal reflexes. And although in terms of the evolution, we are rather distant from the turtle, ...
So far, it has been a common assumption that the activation of muscle neurons originates from some sort of command center that sends a signal to many cells at one time. 'Because the origin of movement has been difficult to find, it has long been assumed that it is a small core that sets the pace. Like some kind of metronome. But our data has shown ...
With these results, researchers have come a step closer to precisely understanding where and how movements are actually generated. 'If we do not know enough about the network and how it works, we grope a bit in the dark when it comes to treatment. Conversely, once we gain insight into the principles behind the distribution of the network, and which...
Jun 1, 2016 · This study revealed the presence of morphologically well-developed olfactory organs, olfactory nerves, and olfactory bulbs in the snapping turtles, suggesting that these turtles have well developed sense of smell.
- Nobuaki Nakamuta, Nobuaki Nakamuta, Shoko Nakamuta, Hideaki Kato, Yoshio Yamamoto, Yoshio Yamamoto
- 2016
Oct 19, 2023 · In all turtles, CNGA2 is expressed in almost all olfactory receptor cells (ORCs), and TRPC2 in only a few ORCs of both UCE and LCE (arrows in c1−c3 and d1−d3). Asterisks indicate the Bowman's glands.
Sep 1, 2007 · Superimposed upon these gross morphological and functional similarities are several significant variations that reflect differences in gross body structure and evolutionary history among turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and the tuatara. The nervous system components.
