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Hematology, gjithashtu dha Haematology, është dega e biologjisë (fiziologji), patologji, klinike laboratorike, mjekësi të brendshme, dhe pediatri që ka të bëjë me studimin e gjakut, e-formimin e organeve të gjakut, sëmundjet e gjakut. Hematology përfshin studimin e etiologji, diagnozën, trajtimin, prognozë, dhe parandalimin e sëmundjeve të gjakut.
Hospitals, Clinics. Hematology ( always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. [1] [2] It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood ...
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Dec 12, 2019 · Text appears to be missing a comprehensive introduction to Clinical Hematology that may be useful for students (basics of laboratory safety, quality assessment, specimen collection, and roles/responsibilities of the Hematology department in patient care), no comprehensive glossary is present (some terms are presented to students without ...
2.36 billion / 33% (2015) [2] Anemia or anaemia ( British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen. This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function.
- Classification
- Signs and Symptoms
- Causes
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Epidemiology
- History
- Society and Culture
- Research Directions
General classification
Clinically and pathologically, leukemia is subdivided into a variety of large groups. The first division is between its acute and chronicforms: 1. Acute leukemia is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells. The crowding that results from such cells makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells resulting in low hemoglobin and low platelets. Immediate treatment is required in acute leukemia because of the rapid progression and accumulation of the mal...
Specific types
1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in young children. It also affects adults, especially those 65 and older. Standard treatments involve chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Subtypes include precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Burkitt's leukemia, and acute biphenotypic leukemia. While most cases of ALL occur in children, 80% of deaths from ALL occur in adults. 2. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) most often affe...
Pre-leukemia
1. Transient myeloproliferative disease, also termed transient leukemia, involves the abnormal proliferation of a clone of non-cancerous megakaryoblasts. The disease is restricted to individuals with Down syndrome or genetic changes similar to those in Down syndrome, develops in a baby during pregnancy or shortly after birth, and resolves within 3 months or, in ~10% of cases, progresses to acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Transient myeloid leukemia is a pre-leukemic condition.
The most common symptoms in children are easy bruising, pale skin, fever, and an enlarged spleen or liver. Damage to the bone marrow, by way of displacing the normal bone marrow cells with higher numbers of immature white blood cells, results in a lack of blood platelets, which are important in the blood clotting process. This means people with leu...
Studies in 2009 and 2010 have shown a positive correlation between exposure to formaldehyde and the development of leukemia, particularly myeloid leukemia.The different leukemias likely have different causes. Leukemia, like other cancers, results from mutations in the DNA. Certain mutations can trigger leukemia by activating oncogenes or deactivati...
Diagnosis is usually based on repeated complete blood counts and a bone marrow examination following observations of the symptoms. Sometimes, blood tests may not show that a person has leukemia, especially in the early stages of the disease or during remission. A lymph node biopsycan be performed to diagnose certain types of leukemia in certain sit...
Most forms of leukemia are treated with pharmaceutical medication, typically combined into a multi-drug chemotherapy regimen. Some are also treated with radiation therapy. In some cases, a bone marrow transplantis effective.
The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. The average five-year survival rate is 65% in the United States. In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is greater (60 to 85%), depending on the type of leukemia.In children with acute leukemia who are cancer...
In 2010, globally, approximately 281,500 people died of leukemia. In 2000, approximately 256,000 children and adults around the world developed a form of leukemia, and 209,000 died from it. This represents about 3% of the almost seven million deaths due to cancer that year, and about 0.35% of all deaths from any cause. Of the sixteen separate sites...
Leukemia was first described by anatomist and surgeon Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau in 1827. A more complete description was given by pathologist Rudolf Virchow in 1845. Around ten years after Virchow's findings, pathologist Franz Ernst Christian Neumannfound that the bone marrow of a deceased person with leukemia was colored "dirty green-yello...
According to Susan Sontag, leukemia was often romanticized in 20th-century fiction, portrayed as a joy-ending, clean disease whose fair, innocent and gentle victims die young or at the wrong time. As such, it was the cultural successor to tuberculosis, which held this cultural position until it was discovered to be an infectious disease. The 1970 r...
Significant research into the causes, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of leukemia is being performed. Hundreds of clinical trials are being planned or conducted at any given time. Studies may focus on effective means of treatment, better ways of treating the disease, improving the quality of life for people, or appropriate care in r...
May 30, 2018 · The clinical hematology guides lines are changed since patient can be stratified in favorable intermediate or unfavorable categories according to cytogenetic and molecular findings. NGS The length of fragment and the long time required for Sanger sequencing, were the firelight to search for a sequencing technology capable to produce large ...
This journal aims to address all aspects related to clinical hematology research and education. The first issue of Clinical Hematology International was published March 1, 2019. The journal is an open access journal, i.e. all articles are immediately and permanently free to read, download, copy & distribute.
