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Aug 1, 2015 · Children may present with a variety of skin changes, including erythematous plaques and papules, excoriations, severely dry skin, scaling, and vesicular lesions .
- What Is A Haematological Disease?
- Anaemia
- Myeloproliferative Disorders
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Coagulation Disorders
- Inflammatory Disorders Associated with Haematological Disease
- Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Haematological diseases are a diverse range of conditions affecting the constituents of blood. This includes disorders of the blood cells (red cells, white cells and platelets) and cancerous conditions affecting these blood cells. Skin signs of haematological disease described here are helpful in diagnosis and may also cause complications.
Nutritional anaemia
Anaemia can be the result of nutrient deficiencies, for example, iron, B12 or folate. Skin manifestationsare: 1. Pallor of the conjunctiva (eyes) and palmarcreases 2. Glossitis (smooth red tongue) 3. Poikilodermatous hypopigmentation 4. Hyperpigmentation may be a signof B12 and folate deficiencies 5. Brittle nails and koilonychia
Haemolytic anaemia
Haemolytic anaemia, for example, due to sickle cell anaemia, results from the destruction of red blood cells, which leads to additional symptoms: 1. Pruritus 2. Jaundice 3. Petechiae and haemosiderosis (small brown macules).
The process by which blood cells are produced (haematopoiesis) gives rise to cells in either the lymphoid or myeloidlineage.
Stem cells for transplantation can be sourced from the blood, bone marrow or umbilical cord blood. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an option to treat haematological malignancies where other treatment options have failed, for instance, diffuselarge B cell lymphoma and myeloproliferative disorders. Complications from haematopoietic stem c...
Disorders of coagulation result in either excessive blood clotting or excessive bleeding. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) results in excessive clotting. It is triggered by severe infection, such as meningococcal disease, or illness, such as disseminated cancer. Severe DIC can consume all the clotting factors, which conversely leads to ...
Skin manifestations are: 1. Generalisedhyperpigmentation 2. Haemangiomas (tumour of blood vessels) 3. Hypertrichosis(excessive hair growth) 4. Telangiectasia (spider-like reddish/purplish capillaries) 5. Cutaneous vasculitis. Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is an acute inflammatory skin eruption that is accompanied by fevers ...
Drugs used to treat specific haematological conditions can have toxicities that manifestin the skin. Examples include: 1. Porphyria cutanea tarda and vitiligodue to interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) 2. Psoriasiform dermatitis, pruritus, alopecia and photosensitivity due to tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib ...
Feb 1, 2016 · Spitz nevi are brown, pink, or red dome-shaped papules composed of melanocytes. Spitz nevi are more common in children, whereas malignant spitzoid melanoma is more common in adults.
Jun 20, 2023 · This review will discuss the evaluation of purpuric skin lesions in children. The causes of purpuric skin lesions, evaluation of bleeding in children, and sepsis (a major consideration for children with fever, petechiae, and/or purpura) are discussed separately:
Jan 13, 2022 · Abstract. Introduction. Skin disorders are a major health problem in the pediatric age group and are associated with significant morbidity. Papulosquamous disorders, forming a major part of the skin diseases in children, present in a variety of clinical pattern.
- 10.7759/cureus.21194
- 2022/01
- Cureus. 2022 Jan; 14(1): e21194.
Mar 11, 2012 · Papule: Small, elevated, palpable lesion (<1 cm). Example: Wart. Plaque: Large, elevated, palpable lesion (>1 cm). Example: Psoriasis. Nodule: Small bump (<1 cm) with significant deep component (must be palpated to appreciate). Example: Enlarged lymph node. Tumor: Large bump (>1 cm) with significant deep component (must be palpated to appreciate).
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This review discusses the most common papular and nodular skin lesions in children and addresses indications for removal as well as relative contraindications, alternative treatment options, and necessary further diagnostic work-up.
