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Key Points. Rework factors are categorized into four broad categories: project, human, organizational, and complexity. Rework impacts cost, schedule, and, importantly, morale and trust. Strategies exist to reduce the potential for required rework. Forty-eight control points are suggested.
Rework costs have been found to range from 5% to 20% of the contract value in construction and engineering projects, and changes in the scope of the design account for as much as 50% of the rework that occurs (Barber et al., 2000; Love and Edwards, 2004).
Rework is defined as work measures that have to be completed more than once. Burati J.L. et al. (1992) described rework as a “non-conformance;” Peter E.D. Love1 characterized rework as the “unnecessary process of redoing a work activity that was incorrectly carried out the first time.”.
- The Proposed Scheme to Reduce Rework
- Virtual Reality and Project Development
- Virtual Reality, An Innovative Way of Learning
- The Role of Virtual Reality in Reducing Rework
Virtual reality completes human's perception of the 3D environment. Virtual reality with helping BIM can play a huge role in improving communication between managers, engineers, and workers . Virtual network can provide complete communication for model understanding . What widens the gap between design and construction is lack of understanding betw...
Virtual Reality, a Design Tool
Humans use their everyday experiences to understand the scale of objects and spaces. Designers traditionally represent their space ideas in 2D or 3D by a paper or computer. This process does not make a proper understanding of the design. Designing should be like playing computer games. Virtual reality is like a game and can help the designers in their work. It can be an alternative to design tools so that the designers can actively immerse themselves in the environment. The immersion componen...
Virtual Reality, a Coordination and Communication Tool
Project managers, using a collaborative and interactive application, can prevent from possible defects. A common way to predict construction problems is to integrate different layers of a three-dimensional model (architecture, construction, electricity, and plumbing). However, seeing a design or a 3D model on a computer screen or projector may not solve some problems. Virtual reality technology can locate the user (designer/contractor/owner) into a 3D virtual environment similar to the real e...
Education
Humans need to see objects on a human-scale to understand them properly. Understanding a 3D space by observing it through a computer monitor or a plan may be difficult to learn, especially if one does not yet have the technical knowledge to understand it. Having a three-dimensional model that can be viewed and communicated from all angles helps the designer, contractor, and owner understand the model directly . Learning through VR is much more effective than traditional training . It i...
Training
Game technologies can be used in simulation and training required in various disciplines including architecture. The user can benefit from the improved graphics, surface modeling, and personality modeling. One of the oldest applications of this technology is flight simulation which was used for training purposes. The applications for training allow making more than one simulation of reality. At construction sites, workers are exposed to dangers and minor mistakes can potentially create a dama...
Given the VR can play a role in the four fields of architecture. It can also be useful for variables affecting rework and can reduce them. The fields that affect rework can be grouped. Table 8 presents the classification for VR in the four fields. According to Fig. 3, the highest rank is for “VR as Collaborative & Communication Tool” with 13 factor...
- Katayoon Taghizadeh, Esmatullah Noorzai, Zahra Zaman, Milad Amiri, Nayereh Samaee Rahnee
- 2021
Jan 3, 2020 · Simpeh (2012) studied the causes of the rework in construction projects in South Africa. He identified 43 causes of rework and categorized them into four groups related to client, design,...
The objective of this paper is to: Categorize rework factors into four broad categories – project, human, organizational and complexity. Identify rework impacts not just on cost and schedule but importantly morale and trust. Recognize that strategies exist to reduce the potential for required rework.
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Institute database, this paper assesses the impacts of rework on construction cost performance for projects in various categories. In addition, it identifies the sources of this rework, permitting further analyses and the development of rework reduction initiatives.
