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Frederick (Czech: Bedřich) (c. 1142 – 25 March 1189), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 1172 to 1173 and again from 1178 to his death.
Frederick’s weakened position in his ancestral lands had an effect on his standing within the Empire: alongside the emperor, whose scope for action was severely limited, the princes of the Empire wanted to set up a more active (anti-)king who would one day assume the succession.
On 1 April 1620, the Imperial party issued an ultimatum calling on Frederick to leave Bohemia by 1 June. If Frederick did not comply by this date, Ferdinand threatened to enforce his right as Holy Roman Emperor and rightful King of Bohemia to overthrow the usurper.
Frederick V was the elector Palatine of the Rhine, king of Bohemia (as Frederick I, 1619–20), and director of the Protestant Union. Brought up a Calvinist, partly in France, Frederick succeeded his father, Frederick IV, both as elector and as director of the Protestant Union in 1610, with Christian.
The Catholic Bohemian nobility refused to swear fealty to him, especially after he had been excommunicated by the pope in 1465. Frederick exploited the situation, placing himself on the side of Poděbrady’s adversaries, who included Matthias Corvinus.
He had been elected Roman-German king only the previous year (1438), but his position as head of the Empire was not yet secure. Frederick sought to exploit the vacancy on the throne to his own advantage. Albrecht V had also succeeded in securing the title of king in both Bohemia and Hungary.
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Why did Wenceslaus annex Bohemia?
Wenceslaus managed to negotiate the expansion of Bohemia north of the Danube, annexing territories offered by Duke Frederick in order of forming and maintaining their alliance. Wenceslaus and Frederick also found another ally in the person of Otto II, Duke of Bavaria.
