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On 19 July 1914 the senior leaders of the Habsburg monarchy, apart from Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1830-1916), met furtively at the residence of Foreign Minister Leopold Berchtold (1863-1942) to discuss the dispatch of an ultimatum to Serbia.
The first round of scholarship from the 1920s to the 1950s emphasized Austria's basic responsibility for launching the world war by its ultimatum to Serbia. In the 1960s, the German historian Fritz Fischer radically shifted the terms of the debate.
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. Austria-Hungary was a military and diplomatic alliance of two sovereign states with a single monarch who was titled both emperor of Austria and King of Hungary.
He also helped negotiate the marriage of his daughter Carlota to Maximilian, archduke of Austria and later emperor of Mexico, in 1857. Leopold’s influence declined with the growing power of Napoleon III and of Otto von Bismarck of Prussia. This article was most recently revised and updated by
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Apr 9, 2019 · The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the decision of Count Leopold Berchtold (1863-1942) and other leaders for a retributive war against Serbia presented Stürgkh with a ready-made excuse to extend his autocracy.
Duke Leopold I, Sword of the Habsburgs. Described as being of small stature and extreme vigour, this Habsburg became the leading figure in the family. Leopold was the third son of the many offspring of Duke Albrecht I and Elizabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol.
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Austria-Hungary’s General Staff enjoyed a monopoly on war planning. Its long-time Chief Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf worked hard to improve the Habsburg Monarchy’s war preparations and the basic features of Austro-Hungarian war plans were shaped by his ideas.
