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May 26, 2024 · 200 C.E.: Under the leadership of Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon, the basic structure of the Catholic church was in place. A system of governance of regional branches under absolute direction from Rome was established. The basic tenets of Catholicism were formalized, involving the absolute rule of faith.
The Catholic Church considers the bishop of Rome, the pope, to be the successor to Saint Peter. Some scholars state Peter was the first bishop of Rome. Others say that the institution of the papacy is not dependent on the idea that Peter was bishop of Rome or even on his ever having been in Rome.
- St. Peter’s Basilica. Even though located inside the Vatican, so officially in another state, St. Peter’s Basilica is Rome’s most famous church and one of the most important in the city and in Christianity.
- San Giovanni in Laterano Basilica. Founded in the 4th century when Constantine the Great donated to Pope Melchiade the land previously owned by the Lateran family in the southern part of Mount Celio.
- Saint Paul Outside the Walls. Even though one of the most important and famous churches in Rome, San Paolo Fuori le Mura Basilica is located in the Garbatella district, quite far from the city center, the reason why it’s hardly included in a classic Rome itinerary.
- Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica. Santa Maria Maggiore, located in the Esquilino neighborhood, is the only one of the four Papal Basilicas that preserved its early-Christian structure and features.
3 days ago · It is in the central part of the Italian peninsula, on the Tiber River. Once capital of an ancient republic and empire and seat of the Roman Catholic Church, it became the site of major pinnacles of artistic and intellectual development and is called the Eternal City.
The territory of Vatican City is part of the Vatican Hill, and of the adjacent former Vatican Fields. It is in this territory that St. Peter's Basilica, the Apostolic Palace, the Sistine Chapel, and museums were built, along with various other buildings. The area was part of the Roman rione of Borgo until 1929.
Basilica of St. John Lateran. The Lateran Palace was handed over by Constantine I to the Bishop of Rome, who converted the building into a temple during the fourth century. The Basilica is the oldest church in Europe.
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The schism in the Western Roman Church resulted from the return of the papacy to Rome under Gregory XI on January 17, 1377, ending the Avignon Papacy, which had developed a reputation for corruption that estranged major parts of western Christendom.
