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- The Islamic political doctrine lays emphasis on the umma, whose internal organization was secured and defined by a common acceptance of and submission to the shari˓a and the temporary head of the community, the caliph or the sultan, who are religious leaders, representatives of the communities, and sometimes referred to as the successors of the Prophet, (khalifat rasul Allah), or commanders of the faithful (amir al-mu˒minin), but subordinate to the law.
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ISLAM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. The Ottoman Empire was an Islamic polity that originated in early-fourteenth-century Anatolia. Islam had been established in Anatolia before the emergence of the empire, but between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries the religion spread with Ottoman conquest to the Balkan Peninsula and central Hungary.
Nov 3, 2017 · The Ottoman Empire, an Islamic superpower, ruled much of the Middle East, North Africa and Eastern Europe between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
Jul 14, 2016 · In Islamic empires, religion is part of political legitimacy when the ruler is able to expand, maintain and protect the realm and fight the enemies of Islam. In the Ottoman case, the trope of the”victorious sultan” who fought the Europeans and brought dignity and supremacy to the Muslims through Holy War represented an important part of the ...
Definitions. The Arabic word tasawwuf ( lit. 'being or becoming a Sufi' ), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [18] [19] [20] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [18]
Islamic world - Ottomans, Expansion, Legacy: After the Ottoman state’s devastating defeat by Timur, its leaders had to retain the vitality of the warrior spirit (without its unruliness and intolerance) and the validation of the Sharīʿah (without its confining independence). In 1453 Mehmed II (the Conqueror) fulfilled the warrior ideal by conquering Constantinople (soon to be known as ...
Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. MODERNSultan is a Near-Eastern term that connotes a variant form of Muslim governors emerging out of the Ottoman, Umayyad, and Abbasid practices of ruleship, power, and authority over Muslim societies. Sultanate implies a Muslim polity precluding the caliphal states.
Although the Ottoman rulers usually referred to themselves as sultans instead of caliphs, the Ottoman Empire fit the definition of a true Islamic caliphate: at its height, most of the Islamic world, including the holy cities, were under its rule.
