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Jean II của Pháp (26 tháng 4 năm 1310 – 8 tháng 4 năm 1364), còn được gọi Jean le Bon, giữ ngôi vua nước Pháp từ 1350 tới 1364. Là con trai của vua Philippe VI và Jeanne của Bourgogne, Jean II là vị quân vương thứ hai của nhà Valois.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jean II của Pháp ( 26 tháng 4 năm 1310 – 8 tháng 4 năm 1364 ), còn được gọi Jean le Bon, giữ ngôi vua nước Pháp từ 1350 tới 1364. Là con trai của vua Philippe VI và Jeanne của Bourgogne, Jean II là vị quân vương thứ hai của nhà Valois. Thông tin Nhanh Quốc ...
Jean II, dit « Jean le Bon », né le 26 avril 1319 au Mans et mort le 8 avril 1364 à Londres, fils du roi Philippe VI, est roi de France de 1350 à 1364, le deuxième de la dynastie des Valois. Il est particulièrement connu pour avoir été vaincu et fait prisonnier par le Prince Noir , fils d' Édouard III , à la bataille de Poitiers en ...
- Early Life
- Duke of Normandy
- King of France
- Personality
- Issue
John was nine years old when his father, Philip VI, was crowned king. Philip VI's ascent to the throne was unexpected: all three sons of Philip IV had died without sons and their daughters were passed over. Also passed over was King Edward III of England, Philip IV's grandson through his daughter, Isabella. Thus, as the new king of France, John's f...
Accession and rise of the English and the royalty
Upon his accession as Duke of Normandy in 1332, John had to deal with the reality that most of the Norman nobility was already allied with the English camp. Effectively, Normandy depended economically more on maritime trade across the English Channel than on river trade on the Seine. Although the duchy had not been in Angevin possession for 150 years, many landowners had holdings across the Channel. Consequently, to line up behind one or other sovereign risked confiscation. Therefore, Norman...
Meeting with the Avignon Papacy and the King of England
In 1342, John was in Avignon, then a part of the Papal States, at the coronation of Pope Clement VI, and in the latter part of 1343, he was a member of a peace parley with Edward III of England's chancery clerk. Clement VI was the fourth of seven Avignon Popes whose papacy was not contested, although the supreme pontiffswould ultimately return to Rome in 1378.
Relations with Normandy and rising tensions
By 1345, increasing numbers of Norman rebels had begun to pay homage to Edward III, constituting a major threat to the legitimacy of the Valois kings. The defeat at the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346, and the capitulation of Calais on 3 August 1347, after an eleven-month siege, further damaged royal prestige. Defections by the nobility, whose land fell within the broad economic influence of England, particularly in the north and west, increased. Consequently, King Philip VI decided to seek...
Coronation
Philip VI, John's father, died on 22 August 1350, and John's coronation as John II, king of France, took place in Reimsthe following 26 September. Joanna, his second wife, was crowned queen of France at the same time. In November 1350, King John had Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu seized and summarily executed, for reasons that remain unclear, although it was rumoured that he had pledged the English the County of Guînesfor his release.
Negotiations and falling out with Navarre
In 1354, John's son-in-law and cousin, Charles II of Navarre, who, in addition to his Kingdom of Navarre in the Pyrenees mountains, bordering between France and Spain, also held extensive lands in Normandy, was implicated in the assassination of the Constable of France, Charles de la Cerda, who was the favorite of King John. Nevertheless, in order to have a strategic ally against the English in Gascony, John signed the Treaty of Mantes with Charles on 22 February 1354. The peace did not last...
Battle of Poitiers
In 1355, the Hundred Years' War had flared up again, and on July 1356, Edward, the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England, took an army on a great chevauchée through France. John pursued him with an army of his own. In September the two forces met a few miles southeast of Poitiers. John was confident of victory—his army was probably twice the size of his opponent's—but he did not immediately attack. While he waited, the papal legate went back and forth, trying to negotiate a truce between...
Physical strength
John suffered from fragile health. He engaged little in physical activity, practised jousting rarely, preferring hunting.Contemporaries report that he was quick to get angry and resort to violence, leading to frequent political and diplomatic confrontations. He enjoyed literature and was patron to painters and musicians.
Image
The image of a "warrior king" probably emerged from the courage he displayed at the Battle of Poitiers, where he dismounted to fight in the forefront of his surrounded men with a poleaxe in his hands, as well as the creation of the Order of the Star. This was guided by political need, as John was determined to prove the legitimacy of his crown, particularly as his reign, like that of his father, was marked by continuing disputes over the Valois claim from both Charles II of Navarre and Edward...
Personal relationships
He took as his wife Bonne of Bohemia and fathered 11 children in eleven years. Due to his close relationship with his favourite Charles de la Cerda, partisans of Charles II of Navarre derided the king for "having no other God than him". La Cerda was given various honours and appointed to the high position of connetable when John became king; he accompanied the king on all his official journeys to the provinces. La Cerda's rise at court excited the jealousy of the French barons, several of who...
On 28 July 1332, at the age of 13, John was married to Bonne of Luxembourg (d. 1349), daughter of John, King of Bohemia.Their children were: 1. Charles V of France(21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) 2. Catherine (1338–1338) died young 3. Louis I, Duke of Anjou (23 July 1339 – 20 September 1384), married Marie of Blois 4. John, Duke of Berry (30 N...
Biographie de JEAN II LE BON (1319-1364) roi de France (1350-1364). Fils aîné de Philippe VI de Valois et de Jeanne de Bourgogne, Jean fut duc de Normandie, puis roi le 22 août 1350. Excellent chevalier, sa bravoure lui interdit la fuite qui avait sauvé son père à Crécy. D'intelligence...
Apr 9, 2021 · King Jean II of France known as the Good (le Bon) was born on the 16th of April 1319 at Château du Gué-de-Maulny near Le Mans, in France.Given the horrendous troubles his reign brought to France, I think that he should be known not as the Good, but as the Troublesome (le Problemàtic), the Arrogant (l’Arrogant), or perhaps even the Unfortunate (le Misérable).
Historique de l'œuvre. Trouvé au château d'Oiron en Poitou, ancienne propriété des Gouffier (donné par Henri II à Claude Gouffier ?) ; collection Gaignières (n°46) ; retiré de la vente de la collection Gaignières (juillet 1717) sur ordre du régent pour la Bibliothèque royale ; exposé de 1852 à 1872 au Louvre, au musée des ...
