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Aug 1, 2008 · Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Sex-Specific Earnings on Sex Imbalance. Get access. Nancy Qian. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 123, Issue 3, August 2008, Pages 1251–1285, https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.3.1251. Published: 01 August 2008. Views. Cite. Permissions. Share. Abstract.
- Nancy Qian
- 2008
Apr 7, 2008 · MISSING WOMEN. AND THE PRICE OF TEA IN CHINA: THE EFFECT OF SEX-SPECIFIC EARNINGS ON SEX IMBALANCE∗. Nancy Qian. Abstract. Economists have long argued that the sex imbalance in developing countries is caused by underlying economic conditions.
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- Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China:
- 2.2 Tea and Orchard Production
- 3.1 Decision Rule
- g − V > εi, where V
- H H H H Pr(S = g) = Pr ¡εi < V g − b V ¢ g b = F(V − V )
- 3.2 Household Utility
- s = max μum (c) + (1
- > and > ∂ym ∂yf ∂yf ∂ym
- c − λs [c − (yf + ym + ys)]
- b g λb ∂yρ − ¢ − − uf
- 5.2.1 Basic Results
- +Hanicζ + α + ψi + postcγ + εic
- 5.3 Results on educational attainment
- Map 1 – Tea Planting Counties in China
- Dependent Variable: Fraction of Males
Nancy Qian∗ Department of Economics, Brown University
This section discusses male and female labor intensities in tea and orchard production and how the production of each reacted to post-Mao reforms. I will also directly estimate the income from each crop and show that: the reforms increased income from category 2 cash crops (including tea and orchards) relative to income from category 1 staple crops...
For most cohorts in this study, family size was constrained by China’s family planning policies. Thus, I make the simplifying assumption that all households have exactly one child. The only decision which faces parents is the sex of their child. Because parents do not have access to prenatal sex revealing technology, parents select the sex of their...
b H s is the household’s indirect utility in the state of the world where it has a child of sex s, s ∈ {g, b}, and εi is the cost of sex selection for household i. The probability of having a girl can be written as:
An increase in the probability of keeping a girl will be reflected in the population as an increase in the fraction of girls. Let yρ, ρ denote parents’ (mother’s and father’s) incomes. Given that ∂(V −V
The utility of parent ρ is uρ s(c), where ρ ∈ {m, f} and s, s ∈ {g, b}, indicates the state of the world (sex of the child). c is each parent’s consumption bundle. I normalize the price of consumption to equal 1. In each state s, parents pool their income and maximize the weighted sum of the mother’s and father’s utilities, um (c), uf s s(c), subje...
c s − μ)uf s(c) s.t. c = yf + ym + ys The investment value of a child is characterized by the inclusion of his/her income in the budget constraint. The weight, μ, which characterizes bargaining power, is a function of the mother’s and father’s income ratio. Hence, the mother’s bargaining power is increasing in her income and decreasing in the fathe...
When parents decide whether they wish to keep or neglect a girl, they solve for the maximum utilities they can achieve in the two states of the world where they have a girl or a boy. For each state s of the world, s ∈ {g, b}, parents solve the Lagrangian for household utility maximization
The effect of a parent’s income on the probability of having a girl is ∂μ ∂yg ∂yb
́i + ∂yρ − ∂yρ ̧ + λg λb (2) − It follows from the first order conditions that λs is the bargaining weighted sum of the mother’s and father’s marginal utilities from income in the state of the world where the household has a child of sex s. λg − λb is the relative "pure income effect" of having a girl as opposed to having a boy. Holding other...
To see that the effect of tea and orchards on sex ratios is due to the post-Mao agricultural reforms and not due to other changes in these regions, I check that the effect of tea and orchard on sex ratios increased in magnitude at the time of the reform. The unrestricted effect of tea planted for each birth cohort can be written as
The predicted residuals are used to estimate the following second stage regression. sexic = (teai × postc)β + (cashcrop × postc)φ +Hanicζ
The main results of the effect of relative adult earnings on sex ratios rejected the hypothesis that house-holds are unitary and parents view children only as a form consumption. However, since increasing adult agricultural earnings also increase the earnings potential of children, these results do not distin-guish the hypothesis that households ar...
Darker shades correspond to more tea planted per household.
All regressions include county and birth year fixed effects. Standard errors clustered at county level. Table 3 – The Effects of Tea, Orchards and Cash Crops on Fraction of Males (Pooled): Coefficients of the Interactions Between Dummies Indicating Birth Year and the Amount of Tea, Orchards and Category 2 Cash Crops Planted in the County of Birth ...
Jan 1, 2005 · Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Relative Female Income on Sex Imbalance (Incomplete) January 2005. Authors: Nancy Qian. Northwestern University....
- Nancy Qian
Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Sex-Specific Earnings on Sex Imbalance Improved economic conditions for women in China increase girls’ survival and children’s educational attainment.
Feb 1, 2007 · Qian, Nancy, Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Sex-Specific Earnings on Sex Imbalance (December 2006). CEPR Discussion Paper No. 5986, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=960821. Purchase - $8 CEPR Subscribers Download.
Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Relative Female Income on Sex Imbalance (Incomplete) Nancy Qian∗ Department of Economics, MIT Cambridge, Massachusetts....
