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Papal States. The papacy engaged in often flamboyant political maneuvers, especially during the reign of Julius II (1503–13), and in the architectural and intellectual renewal of Rome.
Papal States, Italian Stati Pontifici, Territories of central Italy over which the pope had sovereignty from 756 to 1870. The extent of the territory and the degree of papal control varied over the centuries.
- The Donation of Pepin and The Holy Roman Empire
- Calls For Reform
- The Renaissance
- The Era of The French Revolution and Napoleon
- Italian Nationalism and The End of The Papal States
- Institutions
- Legacy
- Reference
When the Exarchate finally fell to the Lombards in 751, the Duchy of Rome was completely cut off from the Byzantine Empire, of which it was theoretically still a part. Pope Stephen II acted to neutralize the Lombard threat by courting the de facto Frankish ruler, Pepin the Short. With the urging of Pope Zachary to depose the Merovingian figurehead ...
Papal preoccupation with temporal power and with the trappings of power had its critics. Various movements within the Church and outside as well called for a return to the care of souls and spiritual leadership. Critics, starting with the Gregorian movement under Pope Gregory VII, pointed out how the wealth, power and property of the church seemed ...
During the Renaissance, the papal territory expanded greatly, notably under Popes Alexander VIand Julius II. The Pope became one of Italy's most important secular rulers as well as the head of the Church, signing treaties with other sovereigns and fighting wars. In practice, though, most of the Papal States territory was still only nominally contro...
The French Revolution proved as disastrous for the temporal territories of the Papacy as it was for the Catholic Church in general. In 1791 the Comtat Venaissin and Avignon were annexed by France. Later, with the French invasion of Italy in 1796, the Legations were seized and became part of the revolutionary Cisalpine Republic. Two years later, the...
Italian nationalism had been stoked during the Napoleonic period but dashed by the settlement of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815), which left Italy divided and largely under Habsburg Austrian domination. In 1848, nationalist and liberal revolutions began to break out across Europe; in 1849, a Roman Republic was declared and the Pope fled the city...
As the pluralname Papal States indicates, the various regional components, usually former independent states, retained their identity under papal rule. The papal 'state' was represented in each(?)...The police force, known as sbirri ("cops" in modern Italian slang), was stationed in private houses (normally a practice of military occupation) and enforced order quite rigorously.For the defense of the states an international Catholic volunteer corps, called zouaves after a kind of French colonial native Algerian infantry, and imitating their uniform type, was created.The Vatican Cityrepresents the legacy of the Papal States. Although only 110 acres, is a sovereign state. This means that the Pope and the senior clergy of the Catholic Church are not subject to the laws of a secular state. In other word, the Pope is subject only to God's sovereignty and is independent of any temporal government. When the Pope visi...
Chamberlain, E.R. The Bad Popes. New York, NY: Barnes & Noble, 2003. ISBN 0880291168.De Cesare, Raffaele, Helen Zimmern, and George Macaulay Trevelyan. London, UK: A. Constable and Co., 1909. Available online, The last days of papal Rome, 1850-1870. The Internet Archive. Retrieved...Partner, Peter. The lands of St. Peter; the Papal State in the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1972. ISBN 978-0520021815.Partner, Peter. The Pope's men: the papal civil service in the Renaissance. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0198219958.By gifts, purchases, and conquests, the popes became rulers over one of the oldest continuously functioning states of Europe, the Papal States, a territory that stretched from Rome and its environs northeastward to the Adriatic Sea.
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Nov 28, 2018 · World Facts. What Were the Papal States? The Papal States were territories in central Italy under the direct rule of the papacy. Learn more about the origin and decline of the Papal States.
Timeline. 1400 A.D. 1450 A.D. Papal States, 1052–1860 (to France 1806–1814) Kingdom of Naples: House of Anjou-Durazzo, 1382–1435; House of Aragon, 1435–1501 (briefly to France in 1495); disputed rule by France and Spain, 1501–1504, thence to Crown of Spain, 1504–1713. Corsica: Genoese rule, 14th century–1768.
Online historical atlas showing a map of Europe at the end of each century from year 1 to year 2000. Map of Papal States in year 1500
