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The second law of thermodynamics may be expressed in many specific ways, [25] the most prominent classical statements [26] being the statement by Rudolf Clausius (1854), the statement by Lord Kelvin (1851), and the statement in axiomatic thermodynamics by Constantin Carathéodory (1909). These statements cast the law in general physical terms ...
Aug 20, 2024 · Rudolf Clausius was a German mathematical physicist who formulated the second law of thermodynamics and is credited with making thermodynamics a science. Clausius was appointed professor of physics at the Artillery and Engineering School at Berlin in 1850, the same year in which he presented a
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːdɔlf ˈklaʊ̯zi̯ʊs]; [1][2] 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. [3] By his restatement of Sadi Carnot 's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he gave ...
Thermodynamics is the science of the relationship between heat, work, temperature, and energy. The second law of thermodynamics can be precisely stated in the following two forms, as originally formulated in the 19th century by the Scottish physicist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and the German physicist Rudolf Clausius, respectively: A cyclic ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- The second law of thermodynamics asserts that heat cannot move from a reservoir of lower temperature to a reservoir of higher temperature in a cycl...
- Scottish physicist William Thomson, also known as Lord Kelvin, and German physicist Rudolf Clausius developed the second law of thermodynamics in t...
- One notable example of the second law of thermodynamics is the heat engine model. Heat engines involve a cycle of increasing and decreasing tempera...
- The second law of thermodynamics posits that the transfer of energy involves some released as heat. This inefficient energy transfer plays a role i...
- Some have contended that the second law of thermodynamics disproves evolution because the law stipulates that entropy always increases, whereas evo...
Sep 24, 2019 · 4. Conclusions. (1) Clausius had explicitly proclaimed in his mechanical theory of heat, published in the nineteenth century, that the second law of thermodynamics is “The theorem of the equivalence of transformations”, rather than “Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change”.
- Ti-Wei Xue, Zeng-Yuan Guo
- Entropy (Basel). 2019 Oct; 21(10): 926.
- 10.3390/e21100926
- 2019/10
Clausius first stated the basic idea of the second law of thermodynamics. He used it in showing that for a 'Carnot cycle', which transmits heat between two heat reservoirs at different temperatures and at the same time converts heat into work, the maximum work obtained from a given amount of heat depends solely upon the temperatures of the heat ...
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Thereafter, he coined the term ‘energy’ and promoted energy physics. Rudolf Clausius reconciled Joule’s and Carnot’s work by making a distinction between heat transferred to a lower temperature and heat converted into work. Thus, he brought in the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. He later defined entropy.
