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Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media. It was a conservative tradition whose ...
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Venetian, wider Venetian or Venetan (łengua vèneta [ˈeŋɡwa ˈvɛneta] or vèneto) is a Romance language spoken natively in the northeast of Italy, mostly in Veneto, where most of the five million inhabitants can understand it.
Venetic language, a language spoken in northeastern Italy before the Christian era. Known to modern scholars from some 200 short inscriptions dating from the 5th through the 1st century bc, it is written either in Latin characters or in a native alphabet derived from Etruscan, the Etruscans having.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Egyptian art and architecture, the architectural monuments, sculptures, paintings, and applied crafts of ancient Egypt. Some of the most well-known examples include the pyramids of Giza, Tutankhamun’s funerary mask, and the sculpture bust of Queen Nefertiti.
- Overview
- Origins of the Italic languages
- Phonology
- Morphology
The language represented by inscriptions from the territory of the Veneti—between the Po River, the Carnic Alps, and Istria—is called Venetic. The majority of discoveries come from sanctuaries at Este and Làgole di Calalzo. The Venetic inscriptions (of which there are about 300, ranging from the 5th to the 1st century bce) consist almost entirely o...
The Italic languages must have been brought from the original area of the Indo-European languages, perhaps in eastern parts of central Europe, when their speakers crossed the Alps. This is attested to by a stratum of very old place-names of non-Indo-European origin—e.g., Tarracina (modern Terracina), Capua—that covers not only the Apennine Peninsul...
Many of the phonetic processes that make the attested Italic languages differ from the reconstructed Indo-European language seem to have occurred relatively late in time. The only one that can confidently be placed outside of Italy—that is, before the immigration over the Alps—is the change to ss in combinations of d (dental occlusive, or dental stop) + t. This is a feature common to Celtic, Germanic, and the Italic languages. For example, Latin visus comes from the older, reconstructed form *wissos ‘seen’; this is cognate with High German gi-wiss ‘surely known’ and Old Irish ro-fess ‘is known,’ all of these forms deriving from an Indo-European term *wid-to-s, with d + t. (An asterisk [*] before a word means that it is not attested but reconstructed.)
The development of the Indo-European labiovelar stop kw is more complex. (A labiovelar stop is a sound pronounced with simultaneous articulation—movement—of the lips and the velum, the soft palate.) From this sound there has resulted a qu in Latin, p in Osco-Umbrian and South Picene, c in Irish, and p in Brythonic Celtic; e.g., Latin quis ‘who(ever)’ is cognate with Oscan pis and Umbrian pis (similarly South Picene pim ‘whom[ever]’ or ‘which[ever]’), these forms deriving from Indo-European *kwis; and Irish cia is related to Welsh pwy, ‘who,’ derived from Indo-European *kwei. Some scholars have tried to trace this development back to an Italo-Celtic unity, but the change of Brythonic kw to p is surely later than the dropping of the p in Common Celtic. It is sounder, therefore, to assume independent processes in the different languages.
In contrast to the phonology, which shows so many correlations among the Italic languages, there are few definite connections between these tongues in their grammars. A characteristic innovation is the extension of the ablative singular case from o-stems and pronouns, where it occurred originally, to other declension classes: Latin praidad ‘with th...
Venetic (/ v ə ˈ n ɛ t ɪ k /) is an extinct Indo-European language, usually classified into the Italic subgroup, that was spoken by the Veneti people in ancient times in northeast Italy (Veneto and Friuli) and part of modern Slovenia, between the Po Delta and the southern fringe of the Alps, associated with the Este culture.
Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media.
