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The Roman Empire [a] was the post- Republican state of ancient Rome. It is generally understood to mean the period and territory ruled by the Romans following Octavian 's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC. It included territories in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and was ruled by emperors.
- Origins of Rome
- The Early Republic
- Military Expansion
- Internal Struggles in The Late Republic
- Julius Caesar’s Rise
- From Caesar to Augustus
- Age of The Roman Emperors
- Decline and Disintegration
- Roman Architecture
As legend has it, Rome was founded in 753 B.C.by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war. Left to drown in a basket on the Tiber by a king of nearby Alba Longa and rescued by a she-wolf, the twins lived to defeat that king and found their own city on the river’s banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king...
The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls. They also served as commanders in chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were drawn largely from the Senate, which was dominated by the patricians, or the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. Politics in the early...
During the early republic, the Roman state grew exponentially in both size and power. Though the Gauls sacked and burned Rome in 390 B.C., the Romans rebounded under the leadership of the military hero Camillus, eventually gaining control of the entire Italian peninsula by 264 B.C. Rome then fought a series of wars known as the Punic Warswith Carth...
Rome’s complex political institutions began to crumble under the weight of the growing empire, ushering in an era of internal turmoil and violence. The gap between rich and poor widened as wealthy landowners drove small farmers from public land, while access to government was increasingly limited to the more privileged classes. Attempts to address ...
When the victorious Pompey returned to Rome, he formed an uneasy alliance known as the First Triumvirate with the wealthy Marcus Licinius Crassus (who suppressed a slave rebellion led by Spartacus in 71 B.C.) and another rising star in Roman politics: Gaius Julius Caesar. After earning military glory in Spain, Caesar returned to Rome to vie for the...
Less than a year later, Julius Caesar was murdered on the ides of March (March 15, 44 B.C.) by a group of his enemies (led by the republican nobles Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius). Consul Mark Antony and Caesar’s great-nephew and adopted heir, Octavian, joined forces to crush Brutus and Cassius and divided power in Rome with ex-consul Lepid...
Augustus’ rule restored morale in Rome after a century of discord and corruption and ushered in the famous pax Romana–two full centuries of peace and prosperity. He instituted various social reforms, won numerous military victories and allowed Roman literature, art, architecture and religion to flourish. Augustus ruled for 56 years, supported by hi...
The decadence and incompetence of Commodus (180-192) brought the golden age of the Roman emperors to a disappointing end. His death at the hands of his own ministers sparked another period of civil war, from which Lucius Septimius Severus (193-211) emerged victorious. During the third century Rome suffered from a cycle of near-constant conflict. A ...
Roman architecture and engineering innovations have had a lasting impact on the modern world. Roman aqueducts, first developed in 312 B.C., enabled the rise of cities by transporting water to urban areas, improving public health and sanitation. Some Roman aqueducts transported water up to 60 miles from its source and the Fountain of Trevi in Rome s...
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4 days ago · Ancient Rome, the state centered on the city of Rome from 753 BC through its final eclipse in the 5th century AD. In the course of centuries Rome grew from a small town on the Tiber River in central Italy into a vast empire that ultimately embraced England, most of continental Europe, and parts of Asia and Africa.
Sep 28, 2023 · The Roman Empire dominated a great part of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. What was the Roman Empire? The Roman Empire marked the last of the three periods in the history of Roman civilization. The Romans were an ancient civilization that settled in the Italian peninsula and conquered a great part of Europe, North Africa and the Near East.
Jan 5, 2016 · They crushed the Hernici and Aequi as well as the Marsi, Paeligini, Marrucini, Frentani and Vestini, former allies of the Samnites. Rome was now the major power of the peninsula and to secure this power they established colonies throughout Italy. The Romans now turned their eyes to the south. Remove Ads.
- Donald L. Wasson
History of Europe - Greeks, Romans, Barbarians: The main treatment of Classical Greek and Roman history is given in the articles Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; Hellenistic Age; ancient Italic people; and ancient Rome. Only a brief cultural overview is offered here, outlining the influence of Greeks and Romans on European history. Of the Indo-European tribes of European ...
83-31 BCE – period of Civil Wars leads to the fall of the Roman Republic. 27 BCE – Augustus establishes himself as the first of the Roman emperors. 117 – the Roman Empire reaches its largest extent. 312 – the conversion of the emperor Constantine to Christianity. 410 – Rome is sacked by the Goths.
