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The number 1314 is pronounced as «yi san yi si» in Mandarin, which sounds similar to the phrase «一生一世» (yi sheng yi shi) meaning «forever» or «for a lifetime». This phonetic similarity has led to the number 1314 being widely used in Chinese culture to express eternal love and commitment.
- The Spring and Autumn Period
- The Warring States Period
- The Eastern Han Dynasty
- The Tang Dynasty
- The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
- Song Dynasty
- The Ming Dynasty
- The Ching Dynasty
- The Nationalist Period
- References and Suggested Reading
The most important Taoist scripture—Laozi’s Daode Jing—was written during this period. The Daode Jing (also spelled Tao Te Ching), along with the Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu) and the Liezi, comprise the three core texts of what is known as daojia, or philosophical Taoism. There is debate among scholars about the exact date that the Daode Jing was composed...
This period—rife with internecine warfare—gave birth to philosophical Taoism’s second and third core texts: the Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu) and the Leizi (Lieh Tzu), named after their respective authors. One marked difference between the philosophy espoused by these texts, and that put forth by Laozi in his Daode Jing, is that the Zhuangzi and the Leizis...
In this period we see the emergence of Taoism as an organized religion (Daojiao). In 142 CE, the Taoist adept Zhang Daoling—in response to a series of visionary dialogues with Laozi—established the “Way of the Celestial Masters” (Tianshi Dao). Practitioners of Tainshi Dao trace their lineage through a succession of sixty-four Masters, the first bei...
It is during the Tang Dynasty that Taoism becomes the official “state religion” of China, and as such is integrated into the imperial court system. It was also the time of the “second Daozang”—an expansion of the official Taoist canon, ordered (in CE 748) by Emperor Tang Xuan-Zong. Court-sponsored debates between Taoist and Buddhist scholars/practi...
This period of China’s history is marked, once again, by an unsettling plethora of political upheaval and chaos. One interesting result of this turmoil was that a good number of Confucian scholars “jumped ship” and become Taoist hermits. In these unique practitioners there was embodied the interweaving of Confucian ethics, a Taoist commitment to si...
The “third Daozang” of CE 1060—comprising 4500 texts—is a product of this time. The Song Dynasty is known also as the “golden era” of Internal Alchemy practice. Three important Taoist adepts associated with this practice are: * Lu Dongbin, who is one of the Eight Immortals, and is considered the father of Inner Alchemy practice. * Chuang Po-tuan – ...
The Ming Dynasty gave birth, in CE 1445, to the “fourth Daozang” of 5300 texts. It is in this period that we see a rise in Taoist magic/sorcery – rituals and practices focused on increasing personal power (either for the practitioner or for the Ming emperors). Taoist practices became a more visible part of popular culture, in the form of state-spon...
The abuses of the Ming Dynasty gave rise to a kind of “critical reflection” associated with the Ching Dynasty. This included a revival, within Taoism, of more contemplative practices, whose aim was to cultivate quietude and mental harmony—instead of personal power and occult capacities. Out of this new orientation arose a form of Inner Alchemy asso...
During the period of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, many Taoist temples were destroyed, and Taoist monks, nuns and priests imprisoned or sent to labor camps. To the extent that the Communist government considered Taoist practices to be a form of “superstition,” these practices were prohibited. As a result, Taoist practice – in its public forms – ...
Maspero, Henri. Taoism and Chinese Religion. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1981.Miller, James. Daoism: A Short Introduction. Oxford: One World Publications, 2003.Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976 & 1983.Wong, Eva. The Shambhala Guide to Taoism. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1997.- Elizabeth Reninger
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The year 1314 holds a unique place in world history, marking significant events that would leave their legacy on nations, their emerging societies, and cultures. As we take a journey back to the 14th century, let’s explore some key events, battles, and moments that shaped the world in the year 1314. The Battle of Bannockburn.
Historical Events for the Year 1314. 18th March » Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake. 23rd June » First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.
Mar 16, 2020 · The rapid collapse of Qin. The Chu-Han Contention. 12 awesome Chinese emperors who changed history. The Western Han Dynasty. Liu Bang.
Jan 5, 2017 · That’s why we’ve picked out five of the most important and interesting events, so you’ll be able to contribute to the discussion (or just nod sagely) when your Chinese friends start waxing lyrical about those 5,000 years of history. Photo: history-of-china.com. 1) Birth of an Empire
What happened and who was famous in 1314? Browse important and historic events, world leaders, famous birthdays and notable deaths from the year 1314.
