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Dec 6, 2014 · Lenoir is a French politician who served as Secretary of State for Social Action in Valéry Giscard d'Estaing government from 8 June 1974 to 31 March 1978. He was also Director of L'École nationale d'administration (ENA) between 1988 and 1992. The ENA was established in 1945 to create democratized access to senior public servants and provides ...
- Overview
- Fundamental questions
Democracy is a system of government in which laws, policies, leadership, and major undertakings of a state or other polity are directly or indirectly decided by the “people,” a group historically constituted by only a minority of the population (e.g., all free adult males in ancient Athens or all sufficiently propertied adult males in 19th-century Britain) but generally understood since the mid-20th century to include all (or nearly all) adult citizens.
Where was democracy first practiced?
Studies of contemporary nonliterate tribal societies and other evidence suggest that democracy, broadly speaking, was practiced within tribes of hunter-gatherers in prehistoric times. The transition to settled agricultural communities led to inequalities of wealth and power between and within communities and hierarchical nondemocratic forms of social organization. Thousands of years later, in the 6th century BCE, a relatively democratic form of government was introduced in the city-state of Athens by Cleisthenes.
How is democracy better than other forms of government?
States with democratic governments prevent rule by autocrats, guarantee fundamental individual rights, allow for a relatively high level of political equality, and rarely make war on each other. As compared with nondemocratic states, they also better foster human development as measured by indicators such as health and education, provide more prosperity for their citizens, and ensure a broader range of personal freedoms.
Why does democracy need education?
The etymological origins of the term democracy hint at a number of urgent problems that go far beyond semantic issues. If a government of or by the people—a “popular” government—is to be established, at least five fundamental questions must be confronted at the outset, and two more are almost certain to be posed if the democracy continues to exist for long.
(1) What is the appropriate unit or association within which a democratic government should be established? A town or city? A country? A business corporation? A university? An international organization? All of these?
(2) Given an appropriate association—a city, for example—who among its members should enjoy full citizenship? Which persons, in other words, should constitute the dēmos? Is every member of the association entitled to participate in governing it? Assuming that children should not be allowed to participate (as most adults would agree), should the dēmos include all adults? If it includes only a subset of the adult population, how small can the subset be before the association ceases to be a democracy and becomes something else, such as an aristocracy (government by the best, aristos) or an oligarchy (government by the few, oligos)?
(3) Assuming a proper association and a proper dēmos, how are citizens to govern? What political organizations or institutions will they need? Will these institutions differ between different kinds of associations—for example, a small town and a large country?
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Action. Based on your findings, design a new symbol that incorporates the features and messages that resonate most with people in your community. This inquiry asks students to investigate the uses and meaning of our many state symbols. This inquiry is intended to develop students’ familiarity with the state’s main symbols while also ...
Aug 26, 2022 · The work of Plato and especially Aristotle invented political science as the formalized study of governments. What they did and wrote had a huge impact on the western world, and eventually on the globe. Rome was also a city-state, and the Romans were very impressed with the culture and learning of the Greeks.
People also ask
Is Lenoir a 'founding document' of 'exclusion'?
What did Giscard d'Estaing say about Lenoir?
What does a state symbol mean?
Who are the excluded in Lenoir?
The United States and every individual state possess an official flag, motto, tree, and flower. Arguably, Colorado’s first universally accepted symbol was Pikes Peak, the promontory that served as both a fixed geographical point and an imaginative anchor for the hopes and dreams of the gold seekers who flooded into the Rocky Mountains after 1858.
government, the political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated. Most of the key words commonly used to describe governments—words such as monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy —are of Greek or Roman origin. They have been current for more than 2,000 years and have not yet exhausted their usefulness.
The answer to this question is that all political and judicial power is divided between government, Parliament, and the courts; the monarch has neither political nor judicial power, and as such, is beyond the separation of power. The function of the monarch is to be a ‘symbol of the unity of the state’ (Andersen 1954: 112).
