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Frederick articulated largely consistent ideas about military history, but also used concepts of the superiority of “our age” to extoll the virtues of his own oblique order of battle, and manipulated narratives of technological change to apologise for his own mistakes.
I'm hesitant to address why Frederick might be considered the "first modern ruler" in a political sense, but you can make a strong argument that his commitment to empirical observation and questioning of scientific orthodoxy in De Arte certainly set him apart from most of his contemporaries. However, you can also argue that Frederick's work ...
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- Imperial Heir?
- Fighting Popes
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- Mr. Controversy
- Frederick, Good Or Bad?
The world that Frederick was born into was a turbulent one. On one hand, he was the heir of two great emperors, Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI, from the Hohenstaufen (Staufer) dynasty. The Staufers also benefited from the imperial tradition. In modern times historians call the 13th-century empire the Holy Roman Empire to distinguish it from the ...
Frederick and the popes he was contemporary with (the five between Innocent III and Innocent IV (1198-1245)) were at odds more often than not. One thing that divided them was Frederick’s desire to extend his power into northern Italy where some of the rich northern cities had rejected imperial rule. The popes had no interest in falling under Freder...
For the last part of his life (1229-1250) Frederick enjoyed a great deal of success. He was able to play the role of the great emperor convincingly. Frederick’s court at Palermo patronized poetry – in a dialect that would develop into the Sicilian Romance version of Italian. Frederick himself composed in that language. He wrote a work on falconry, ...
As you probably can guess, the controversy between Frederick and the popes can be seen as either simple or complicated, depending on how much one cites original sources. To be simple, emperors and popes each claimed to wield universal power, which left little room for compromise. Refusal to compromise or submit could only be a result of bad faith, ...
The “evil Frederick” interpretation of Stupor mundi has had a long life. Dante (a great poet but also an Italian townsman who fought against pro-imperial forces) in his Divine Comedyplaced Frederick in hell with the other famous heretics of history. As time went on more sympathetic views were possible: Frederick the Renaissance man before the Renai...
Apr 23, 2024 · Frederick II, king of Prussia (1740–86), was a brilliant military campaigner who, in a series of diplomatic stratagems and wars against Austria and other powers, greatly enlarged Prussia’s territories and made Prussia the foremost military power in Europe.
- Matthew Smith Anderson
Oct 2, 2019 · The applied methodology is a historical examination of Frederick II’s leadership, an eighteenth-century’s monarch who has the reputation of being the “first servant of the state.” The analysis is conducted from the perspective of modern servant leadership research. Findings.
- Jan G. Langhof, Stefan Güldenberg
- 2020
In addition to modernizing the army, Frederick also espoused the ideas of enlightened despotism and instituted numerous economic, civil, and social reforms. army Summary. Army, a large organized armed force trained for war, especially on land.
Frederick William, (ruled 1640 - 1688) and his grandson (also named Frederick William, 1713 - 1740) used absolute policies to build a huge and highly trained army (Wiesner-Hanks 352). However, it was Frederick II “the Great” (ruled 1740 - 1786) who truly established Prussia as a powerful contender in both the Holy Roman Empire and Europe as ...
