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    • Hassan I

      • Hassan I Hassan I was the sultan of Morocco (1873–94), whose policy of internal reforms brought his country a degree of stability previously unknown and who succeeded in preserving the independence of that North...
      www.britannica.com › browse › Sultans
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  2. The Idrisid dynasty was a Muslim polity centered in Morocco, which ruled from 788 to 974. Named after the founder Idriss I, the great-grandchild of Hasan ibn Ali, the Idrisids are believed by some historians to be the founders of the first Moroccan state. Founders of the Idrisid state: Idris I and Idris II

  3. İsa Çelebi. January – March/May 1403 (3–5 months) —. Co-sultan of Anatolia. After the Battle of Ankara, İsa Çelebi defeated Musa Çelebi and took the western Anatolian territories for approximately two years. Defeated by Mehmed Çelebi in the Battle of Ulubad in March or May 1403. Strangled in September 1403.

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ibn_BattutaIbn Battuta - Wikipedia

    Teknonymic (Kunya) ʾAbū ʿAbd Allāh. Epithet (Laqab) ibn Baṭṭūṭah. Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī ( / ˌɪbən bætˈtuːtɑː /; 24 February 1304 – 1368/1369), [a] commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. [7]

  5. Mahmud of Ghazni (Nov. 2, 971–April 30, 1030), the first ruler in history to assume the title of " sultan ," founded the Ghaznavid Empire. His title signified that the Muslim Caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan ...

  6. Jan 26, 2010 · Paper, originally, was brought by the Muslims from China. From a Chinese art, the Muslims developed it into a major industry [1]. The first paper mill was built in Baghdad in the late 8th century and the early 9th century. Then, paper production, like much else, passed onto Syria on the way West.

  7. Jul 10, 2019 · The Ottoman rulers used the term sultan for almost their entire dynasty. In 1517, Ottoman Sultan Selim I captured the Caliph in Cairo and adopted the term; Caliph is a disputed title that commonly means the leader of the Muslim world. The Ottoman use of the term ended in 1924 when the empire was replaced by the Republic of Turkey.

  8. Dec 3, 2019 · Definition. Caliphate (“ Khilafat ” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called Caliph (“ Khalifa ” in Arabic – meaning successor). Caliphs were initially the sole ...

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