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1933 merupakan tahun biasa yang diawali hari Minggu dalam kalender Gregorian, tahun ke-1933 dalam sebutan Masehi (CE) dan Anno Domini (AD), tahun ke-933 pada Milenium ke-2, tahun ke-33 pada Abad ke-20, dan tahun ke- 4 pada dekade 1930-an.
History of Indonesia. The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position, natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade, economics and politics. Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,000 to 18,000 islands stretching along the equator in Southeast Asia.
King Kertanegara of Singhasari launched Pamalayu expedition against Melayu Kingdom in Sumatra. 1284. King Kertanegara launched Pabali expedition to Bali, which integrated Bali into the Singhasari territory. 1289. Kertanegara insult the envoy of Kublai Khan that demand Java to pay the tribute to Yuan Dynasty.
- Background
- The Writing of The Proclamation
- The Ceremony
- Aftermath
- References
The beginnings of the independence movement
In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the Volksraad, which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a voice. Meanwhile, Indonesian students studying in the Netherlands formed the Perhimpoenan Indonesia, or Indonesian Association. Among its leaders were future Indonesian vice-president Mohammad Hatta and future prime minister Sutan Sjahrir. In September 1927, Hatta and other members were arrested for inciting resistance to...
The pre-war period
The PNI grew rapidly, causing concern for the authorities, who arrested Sukarno and seven party leaders in December 1929. They were put on trial for being a threat to public order and in September 1930 received sentences of one to four years – Sukarno received the longest sentence. The PNI dissolved itself in 1931, and in the same year, Sjahrir returned from the Netherlands and established a party called the New PNI which rather than focussing on mass action and being dependent on one leader,...
Earlier that day, the pemudaled by Sjahrir had produced a declaration worded as follows: Sukarno and Hatta rejected this wording, believing that it had the potential to spark violence and would cause problems for the Japanese as it implied a transfer of sovereignty in violation of the terms of the surrender. Sukarno drafted the final version, which...
The original plan was for the proclamation to be read in public before a crowd at the square in the center of Jakarta, now Merdeka Square. However, the Japanese authorities, fearing disorder, deployed soldiers to the area, and as a result, the proclamation was made at Sukarno's house at 56 Jalan Pegangsaan Timur at 10 AM Japan Standard Time, which ...
Indonesian youths spread news of the proclamation across Java almost immediately using Japanese news and telegraph facilities, and in Bandung the news was broadcast by radio. However many ordinary Indonesians either did not believe the reports or saw them as a Japanese deception. In Sumatra, only the republican elite in major cities knew about the ...
Anderson, Benedict (1961). Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944–1945. Cornell University. Dept. of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports...Anderson, Benedict (1972). Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0687-0.Elson, R. E. (2009). "Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945" (PDF). Indonesia. 88(88): 105–130.Feith, Herbert (2006) [1962]. The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. Singapore: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-9793780450.Pada pertemuan pertama Kabinetnya tahun 1933, Hitler memprioritaskan anggaran militer ketimbang pembuatan lapangan kerja. Pada 25 Oktober 1936, sebuah Poros resmi dibentuk antara Italia dan Jerman. Jerman keluar dari Liga Bangsa-Bangsa dan Konferensi Pelucutan Senjata Dunia pada Oktober 1933.
1930-an. Tahun : 1930-an Masehi adalah dasawarsa pada Milenium ke-2 dan Abad ke-20 yang dimulai dari tanggal 1 Januari 1930 hingga tanggal 31 Desember 1939 . { {Peristiwa per tahun dalam dekade sebelumnya tahun 1920-an krisis ekonomi.
Between 1932 and 1933, Hatta wrote articles on politics and economics for the New PNI's newspaper Daulat Rakyat (The People's Authority). These articles were aimed at training new cadres for Indonesia's leadership. Hatta seemed to be extremely critical of Sukarno at this point in time.
