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- Ethical extensionism or moral extensionism is a metaethical or metaphilosophical approach in environmental ethics and animal ethics that extends existing ethical theories and concepts to include entities (animals, plants, species, the earth) that are traditionally excluded.
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What is ethical extensionism?
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What is life-extensionism?
Ethical extensionism or moral extensionism is a metaethical or metaphilosophical approach in environmental ethics and animal ethics that extends existing ethical theories and concepts to include entities (animals, plants, species, the earth) that are traditionally excluded.
Ethical extensionism takes a recognized moral value and ar - gues that we should extend ethical recognition of that value to other entities, such as nonhuman animals. Ethical extension-ism has been the main framework in the current philosophical literature on the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals, be-
Ethical extensionism is an approach to environmental and animal ethics in which the scope of ethical theories is extended to cover beings traditionally thought to fall outside the purview of those theories.
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- History
- Key Issues
- Equity, Equality, Liberty, and Justice
A desire for some version of biological immortality or the radical extension of life has been a preeminent human fixation throughout history, with proponents and critics strongly present in historic cultural and scientific narratives including ancient Egyptian medical texts (Breasted 1991), mythologies such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, historic treati...
Aging as Illness
The leading bioethicist Arthur Caplan suggests that “ageing is in no way an intrinsic part of human nature… there is no reason why it is intrinsically wrong to try to reverse or cure aging” (Caplan 2004). This demonstrates a frequently stated view of aging as an illness in and of itself amongst advocates of life extension. Eric Jeungst more specifically places it in that arena: “As long as anti-aging interventions serve to forestall the morbidities associated with the aging process, they have...
Moral Imperatives
Related to this view is the idea espoused by Harris, among others, that there is a moral duty to treat illness and save lives where possible (Harris 2007). While there may be debate over the desirability of immortality or deliberate life extension, there is no such debate around efforts to cure and prevent disease. This therefore leads to an imperative to develop and provide treatments, which is likely to lead to extended lifespan by default, rather than it being a deliberate goal of biogeron...
Therapy/Enhancement Divide
Where aging is recognized as illness or disease, treatments are likely to fall within the ongoing and extensive debate around the so-called “therapy-enhancement divide” within bioethical literature. This divide is related to the foundational definitions of “enhancement” and can be reduced at a basic level to whether or not there is some baseline or “normal” (Daniels 2000) level of function for the human body. The view that there is a divide rests on the idea that any intervention that restore...
One position common to both sides of the debate around life extension is the idea that access to any life extension technologies must be equitable and not available only to the wealthy (Sutherland 2006). Critics of life extension argue that, as with all enhancement technologies, this is unlikely to be the reality and so their use will create a two-...
- david.lawrence@ncl.ac.uk
Aug 1, 2011 · Abstract. Ethical extensionism generally involves drawing one or more lines of moral standing. I argue (i) for all living organisms, there is a non-zero probability of sentience and consciousness, and (ii) we cannot justify excluding beings from consideration on the basis of uncertainty of their sentience, etc., and rather we should incorporate ...
May 6, 2019 · Life-extensionism can be defined as a scientifically educated belief in the possibility and desirability of a significant prolongation of healthy human life, mainly aspiring to the extension of life and health through amelioration of degenerative aging processes but also by other means.
3.1.1 Moral Extensionism, the Concept of “Wilderness,” and Human Chauvinism It might seem at this point that we’ve strayed a bit from our original mission of drafting an environmental ethic.
