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Figure 4.4 The force exerted by a stretched spring can be used as a standard unit of force. (a) This spring has a length x when undistorted. (b) When stretched a distance Δx , the spring exerts a restoring force, Frestore , which is reproducible. (c) A spring scale is one device that uses a spring to measure force.
• Examples of motion in one dimension: – Displacement, velocity, acceleration, free fall, and …. In a straight line. • An example of motion in two dimension (x and y axis) is projectile motion. • An example of a three dimensional motion (x, y and z axis) is motion of a bird or an insect since it is flying in space. 12 CMPE department-TIU
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from food is transformed into chemical energy, which can change into forces or motion. Physicists define a force as a push or pull that one body exerts on another. For example, when two balls collide on a pool table, the motion from the first ball transfers
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- History
- Newton’s First Law – Inertia
- Newton’s Second Law – Force
- Newton’s Third Law – Action and Reaction
- References
Sir Isaac Newton describes the three laws of motion in his 1687 book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The Principia also outlines the theory of gravity. While the Theory of Relativity applies to objects moving near the speed of light, Newton’s laws work well under ordinary conditions.
An object at rest remains at rest or an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Basically, the first law describes inertia, which is a body’s resistance to a change in its state of motion. If no net force acts on a body (all external forces cancel out), then the object m...
The rate of change of an object’s momentum equals the force acting upon it or the applied force equal’s an object’s mass times its acceleration. The two equations for Newton’s second law are: F = m*a F = Δp/Δt Here, F is the applied force, m is mass, a is acceleration, p is momentum, and t is time. Note that the second law tells us that an external...
When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts and equal and opposite force on the first object. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. So, if set an apple on a table, the table pushes up on the apple with a force equal to the mass of the apple times the acceleration due to gravity. This can be diffi...
Halliday, David; Krane, Kenneth S.; Resnick, Robert (2001). Physics Volume 1(5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0471320579.Knight, Randall D. (2008). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach(2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0805327366.Plastino, Angel R.; Muzzio, Juan C. (1992). “On the use and abuse of Newton’s second law for variable mass problems”. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 53 (3): 227–232. doi:10.1007/BF000...Thornton, Stephen T.; Marion, Jerry B. (2004). Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems (5th ed.). Brooke Cole. ISBN 0-534-40896-6.Step 1: Draw free-body diagram showing forces (show direction of acceleration off to one side of diagram.) Step 2: Choose a coordinate system and a + direction (always best to choose the direction of the acceleration as the +direction) Step 3: Write down equations F . a , F y m a y.
He accidentally runs over an innocent moose crossing the road, so he slows to a stop to check on the poor moose. He pauses for a while until he determines the moose is squashed flat and deader than a doornail. Fleeing the scene of the crime, Schmedrick takes off again in the same direction, speeding up quickly.
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Describe the definition, aims, and branches of physics; Describe and distinguish classical physics from modern physics and describe the importance of relativity, quantum mechanics, and relativistic quantum mechanics in modern physics
