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1. Top results related to explain osi model in computer network

   • OSI Model Full Form in Computer Networking

     Introduction :

     The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that defines how computers communicate with each other over a network. It consists of seven layers, each with its own specific function and set of protocols.

     Starting from the bottom, the first layer is the physical layer, which deals with the physical aspects of transmitting data such as cables, connectors, and signaling. The second layer is the data link layer, which is responsible for establishing and maintaining communication between two devices on the same network.

     The third layer is the network layer, which handles the routing of data between networks. The fourth layer is the transport layer, which ensures reliable transmission of data between two devices.

     The fifth layer is the session layer, which establishes and manages sessions between applications. The sixth layer is the presentation layer, which deals with the syntax and semantics of the data being transmitted.

     Finally, the seventh layer is the application layer, which provides services to applications for network communication.

     The OSI model is important because it helps network designers and administrators understand how different protocols and technologies work together...

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   • Network Layer in OSI Model

     OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It was developed by the ISO – ‘International Organization for Standardization‘, in the year 1984. It is a 7-layer architecture with each layer having specific functionality to perform. All these 7 layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe.

     What is a Network Layer?

     The Network Layer is the 5th Layer from the top and the 3rd layer from the Bottom of the OSI Model. It is one of the most important layers which plays a key role in data transmission. The main job of this layer is to maintain the quality of the data and pass and transmit it from its source to its destination. It also handles routing, which means that it chooses the best path to transmit the data from the source to its destination, not just transmitting the packet. There are several important protocols that work in this layer.

     <img alt="Layers of OSI Model">

     Data is transmitted in the form of packets via various logical network pathways between various devices. In the seven-layer open system interconnection paradigm, the network layer is the third layer. It...

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   • Network Model in DBMS

     Network Model : This model was formalized by the Database Task group in the 1960s. This model is the generalization of the hierarchical model. This model can consist of multiple parent segments and these segments are grouped as levels but there exists a logical association between the segments belonging to any level. Mostly, there exists a many-to-many logical association between any of the two segments. We called graphs the logical associations between the segments. Therefore, this model replaces the hierarchical tree with a graph-like structure, and with that, there can more general connections among different nodes. It can have M: N relations i.e, many-to-many which allows a record to have more than one parent segment. Here, a relationship is called a set, and each set is made up of at least 2 types of record which are given below:

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   • Explain built in User model and UserCreationForm

     Top Answer

     Answered Aug 10, 2018 · 0 votes

     • The line form = UserCreationForm(request.POST) talks of itself actually. It posts data passed through your form to the variable form
     • The 'request' object is an HttpRequest object that carries metadata about the request (for example in our case, we have a post request , and the request object carries the user data). Check this for more details.
     • Yes, user = form.save() saves a User instance in the database. UserCreationForm has a function called save() and here we're just calling that function.
     • The name of the variable has nothing to do with it because in the UserCreationForm's definition, the model is already defined as User. So, it already recognizes that it's the User model.

     I this you should read the UserCreationForm code to make things clear in your head.

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   • In which layer is HTTP in the OSI model?

     Top Answer

     Answered Oct 07, 2021 · 71 votes

     In which layer is HTTP in the OSI model?

     It's in the application layer. See the following quotes from the RFC 7230, one of the documents that currently defines the HTTP/1.1 protocol:

     The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level request/response protocol that uses extensible semantics and self-descriptive message payloads for flexible interaction with network-based hypertext information systems.

     HTTP is a stateless request/response protocol that operates by exchanging messages across a reliable transport- or session-layer "connection".

     Also some said that HTTP has no concept of session. Does it mean that HTTP can't be in the session layer?

     As previously mentioned in the quotes from the RFC 7230, the HTTP protocol is stateless, where each request from client to server (should) contain all of the information necessary to understand the request, without taking advantage of any stored context on the server.

     The RFC 6265 defines some mechanisms for state management in HTTP, such as cookies, allowing session management on server side (but it doesn't make HTTP stateful in any ways).

     The concept of session in HTTP is different from the concept of session in the OSI model. Anyways, HTTP is an application layer protocol.

     The OSI model

     The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual model created by the International Organization for Standardization which enables diverse communication systems to communicate using standard protocols.

     It provides a standard for different computer systems to be able to communicate with each other and can be seen as a universal language for computer networking. It’s based on the concept of splitting up a communication system into seven abstract layers, each one stacked upon the last.

     The following picture borrowed from Cloudflare illustrates pretty well what the OSI model is like:

     The application layer is the only layer that directly interacts with data from the user. So software applications like web browsers and email clients rely on the application layer to initiate communications.

     But it should be made clear that client software applications are not part of the application layer: rather the application layer is responsible for the protocols (such as HTTP and SMTP) and data manipulation that the software relies on to present meaningful data to the user.

     The OSI model vs the TCP/IP model

     While the OSI model is comprehensive reference framework for general networking systems, it's important to mention that the modern Internet doesn’t strictly follow the OSI model.

     The modern Internet more closely follows the simpler Internet protocol suite, which is commonly known as TCP/IP because the foundational protocols in the suite are the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and the IP (Internet Protocol).

     The following image illustrates how the OSI and TCP/IP models relate to each other:

     Update: This section has been added to address the bounty started by noɥʇʎԀʎzɐɹƆ, who requested to update this answer with HTTP/2 details.

     Despite the quotes of the document that defines the HTTP/1.1 protocol, all of the above also applies to HTTP/2. Refer to the following quote from the RFC 7540, the document that defines the HTTP/2 protocol:

     An HTTP/2 connection is an application-layer protocol running on top of a TCP connection. The client is the TCP connection initiator.

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2. People also ask

   What is OSI model?

   • Layers of OSI Model OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection, where open stands to say non-proprietary. It is a 7-layer architecture with each layer having specific functionality to perform. All these 7 layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe.

   What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks

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   What is Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking model?

   • The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking model defines a conceptual framework for communications between computer systems. The model is an ISO standard which identifies seven fundamental networking layers, from the physical hardware up to high-level software applications. Each layer in the model handles a specific networking function.

   The 7 OSI Networking Layers Explained - How-To Geek

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   What is OSI in networking?

   • The main concept of OSI is that the process of communication between two endpoints in a network can be divided into seven distinct groups of related functions, or layers. Each communicating user or program is on a device that can provide those seven layers of function.

   What is the OSI model? The 7 layers of OSI explained - TechTarget

   www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/OSI

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   What are the two layers of OSI model?

   • The OSI model is divided into two layers: upper layers and lower layers. The upper layer of the OSI model mainly deals with the application related issues, and they are implemented only in the software. The application layer is closest to the end user. Both the end user and the application layer interact with the software applications.

   OSI Model: 7 Layers Explained in Computer Network - javatpoint

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3. www.geeksforgeeks.org › open-systemsWhat is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks

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   May 6, 2024 · Learn what is OSI model, a 7-layer framework for network communication, and how each layer performs specific functions. See examples, diagrams, and comparisons with TCP/IP model.

   • Video Duration: 38 min

4. www.freecodecamp.org › news › osi-model-networkingThe OSI Model – The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain ...

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   • Layer 1 is the physical layer. There’s a lot of technology in Layer 1 - everything from physical network devices, cabling, to how the cables hook up to the devices.
   • Layer 2 is the data link layer. Layer 2 defines how data is formatted for transmission, how much data can flow between nodes, for how long, and what to do when errors are detected in this flow.
   • Layer 3 is the network layer. This is where we send information between and across networks through the use of routers. Instead of just node-to-node communication, we can now do network-to-network communication.
   • Layer 4 is the transport layer. This where we dive into the nitty gritty specifics of the connection between two nodes and how information is transmitted between them.

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6. www.javatpoint.com › osi-modelOSI Model: 7 Layers Explained in Computer Network - javatpoint

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   • Physical layer. The main functionality of the physical layer is to transmit the individual bits from one node to another node. It is the lowest layer of the OSI model.
   • Data-Link Layer. This layer is responsible for the error-free transfer of data frames. It defines the format of the data on the network. It provides a reliable and efficient communication between two or more devices.
   • Network Layer. It is a layer 3 that manages device addressing, tracks the location of devices on the network. It determines the best path to move data from source to the destination based on the network conditions, the priority of service, and other factors.
   • Transport Layer. The Transport layer is a Layer 4 ensures that messages are transmitted in the order in which they are sent and there is no duplication of data.

7. www.techtarget.com › searchnetworking › definitionWhat is the OSI model? The 7 layers of OSI explained - TechTarget

   www.techtarget.com › searchnetworking › definition

   OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a reference model for how applications communicate over a network. This model focuses on providing a visual design of how each communications layer is built on top of the other, starting with the physical cabling, all the way to the application that's trying to communicate with other devices on a network.

8. www.educative.io › blog › osi-model-layersWhat is the OSI Model? 7 layers explained in detail - Educative

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   Jan 19, 2021 · Learn the OSI model, a conceptual framework that describes the functions of a networking or telecommunication system in seven layers. Each layer has different responsibilities and protocols, such as data transmission, error control, routing, and encryption.

9. aws.amazon.com › what-is › osi-modelWhat is the OSI Model? - 7 OSI Layers Explained - AWS

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   The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that divides network communications functions into seven layers. Sending data over a network is complex because various hardware and software technologies must work cohesively across geographical and political boundaries.

10. www.howtogeek.com › devops › the-7-osi-networkingThe 7 OSI Networking Layers Explained - How-To Geek

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    Sep 27, 2022 · The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking model defines a conceptual framework for communications between computer systems. The model is an ISO standard which identifies seven fundamental networking layers, from the physical hardware up to high-level software applications.