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Mar 15, 2019 · The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that serves as the cell's manufacturing plant. The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids. The folded structure, which contains cisternae and lumen, aids the function of the organelle.
- Melissa Mayer
Apr 25, 2024 · The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins.Differences in certain physical and functional characteristics distinguish the two types of ER, known as rough ER (RER) and smooth ER (SER).
- Kara Rogers
- What is the endoplasmic reticulum?The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.All e...
- What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?The ER can be classified in two functionally distinct forms: smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The morpholo...
- When was the endoplasmic reticulum discovered?The ER was first noted in the late 19th century, when studies of stained cells indicated the presence of some type of extensive cytoplasmic structu...
Aug 8, 2023 · The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a structure found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Its composition has two components: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins. The RER is termed "rough" due ...
- Terrence Sanvictores, Donald D. Davis
- 2023/08/08
- 2021
Oct 4, 2019 · The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) is a membranous organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It is a subset of the endomembrane system of the endoplasmic reticulum. Its main functions are the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones, the detoxification of harmful metabolic byproducts and the storage and metabolism of calcium ions within ...
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- Structure
- Example
- Functions
- Roles
- Morphology
- Variations
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large organelle made of membranous sheets and tubules that begin near the nucleus and extend across the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum creates, packages, and secretes many of the products created by a cell. The entire structure can account for a large proportion of the endomembrane system of the cell. As seen in...
For instance, in cells such as liver hepatocytes that are specialized for protein secretion and detoxification, the ER can account for more than 50% of the total lipid bilayer of the cell. Similarly, the ER membrane system is particularly prominent in pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin, or within activated B-lymphocytes that produce antibod...
ER sheets appear to be crucial in the response of the organelle to stress, especially since cells alter their tubules-to-sheets ratio when the number of unfolded proteins increases. Occasionally, apoptosis is induced by the ER in response to an excess of unfolded protein within the cell. When ribosomes detach from ER sheets, these structures can di...
Although ER sheets and tubules appear to have distinct functions, there isnt a perfect delineation of roles. For instance, in mammals tubules and sheets can interconvert, making the cells adaptable to various conditions. The relationship between structure and function in the ER has not been completely elucidated.
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane system can be morphologically divided into two structurescisternae and sheets. Cisternae are tubular in structure and form a three-dimensional polygonal network. They are about 50 nm in diameter in mammals and 30 nm in diameter in yeast. ER sheets, on the other hand, are membrane-enclosed, two-dimensional flattene...
The rough version of the endoplasmic reticulum is often closer to the nucleus, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is further from the nucleus. However, both versions are connected to each other and the nucleus through a series of small tubules.
- Gabe Buckley
Jul 19, 2023 · Endoplasmic Reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is the major site of synthesis in the cell. It is a system of flattened sacs (cisternae) that are continuous with the outer nuclear envelope. Its physiological function has a very close association with that of the Golgi apparatus and together, they form the secretory pathway of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in both eukaryotic animal and plant cells. It often appears as two interconnected sub-compartments, namely rough ER and smooth ER. Both types consist of membrane enclosed, interconnected flattened tubes. The rough ER, studded with millions of membrane bound ribosomes, is involved with the production ...
