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The flag of the United States Territory of Guam was adopted on February 9, 1948. The territorial flag is a dark blue field with a narrow red border on all sides. The red border – a later addition – represents the blood spilled during World War II and earlier Spanish sovereignty.
Guam was fully colonized by Spain in 1668. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Guam was an important stopover for Spanish Manila galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the U.S. effective April 11, 1899.
Guam came under U.S. administration following the Spanish-American War of 1898 and was formally given territorial status in 1950. The U.S. entry into World War I inspired Helen L. Paul, the wife of a U.S. naval officer stationed in Guam, to design a territorial flag.
- Guam Prior to European Contact
- Spanish Era
- American Era
- See Also
- Further Reading
- External Links
Migrations
The Mariana Islands were the first islands settled by humans in Remote Oceania. Incidentally it is also the first and the longest of the ocean-crossing voyages of the Austronesian peoples into Remote Oceania, and is separate from the later Polynesiansettlement of the rest of Remote Oceania. They were first settled around 1500 to 1400 BC by migrants departing from the Philippines. In other word Guam was part of the Philippines before. Archeological studies of human activity on the islands has...
Ancient Chamoru society
Most of what is known about Pre-Contact ("Ancient") Chamorus comes from legends and myths, archaeological evidence, Jesuit missionary accounts, and observations from visiting scientists like Otto von Kotzebue and Louis de Freycinet. When Europeans first arrived on Guam, Chamoru society roughly fell into three classes: matao (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class). The matao were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds...
Latte
The latte stones were not a recent development in Contact CHamoru society. The latte stone consists of a head and a base shaped out of limestone. Like the Easter Island Moaistatues, there is plenty of speculation over how this was done by a society without machines or metal, but the generally accepted view is that the head and base were etched out of the ground by sharp adzes and picks (possibly with the use of fire), and carried to the assembly area by an elaborate system of ropes and logs....
Magellan's first encounter with Guam
The first known contact between Guam and Europeans occurred when a Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for the King of Spain, King Charles I, later King Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), arrived with his 3-ship fleet in Guam on March 6, 1521, after a long voyage across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, from Spain. History credits the village of Umatac as his landing place, but drawings from the navigator's diary suggest that Magellan may have landed in Tum...
Spanish colonization
Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until 1565 by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. However, the island was not actually colonized until the 17th century. On June 15, 1668, the galleon San Diego arrived at the shore of the island of Guam. Jesuit missionaries led by Diego Luis de San Vitores arrived on Guam to introduce Christianity and develop trade. The Spanish taught the CHamorus to cultivate maize (corn), raise cattle, and tan hides, as well as to adopt western-style...
Expulsion of the Jesuits
On February 26, 1767, Charles III of Spain issued a decree confiscating the property of the Jesuits and banishing them from Spain and her possessions.: 101 As a consequence, the Jesuit fathers on Guam departed on November 2, 1769, on the schooner Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, abandoning their churches, rectories and ranches.: 102–103 The arrival of Governor Don Mariano Tobias, on September 15, 1771, brought agricultural reforms, including making land available to the islanders for cultivation,...
Capture of Guam
On June 21, 1898, the United States captured Guam in a bloodless landing during the Spanish–American War. By the Treaty of Paris, Spain officially ceded the island to the United States.: 110–112 Between the American capture of Guam, and installation of a Naval Governor in August 1899, there was a flux in governance of the island.: 61–64 Guam became part of an American telegraph line to the Philippines, also ceded by the treaty; a way station for American ships traveling to and from there; and...
World War II
During World War II, Guam was attacked and invaded by Japan on Monday, December 8, 1941, at the same time as the attack on Pearl Harbor, across the International Date Line. In addition, Japan made major military moves into Southeast Asia and the East Indies islands of the South Pacific Ocean against the British and Dutch colonies, opening a new wider Pacific phase in the Second World War. The Japanese renamed Guam Ōmiya-jima(Great Shrine Island). The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Leag...
Self-determination
The immediate years after World War II saw the U.S. Navyattempting to resume its predominance in Guam affairs. This eventually led to resentment, and thus increased political pressure from Chamoru leaders for greater autonomy. The result was the Guam Organic Act of 1950 which established Guam as an unincorporated organized territoryof the United States and, for the first time in Guam history, provided for a civilian government. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, section 307, granted...
Robert F. Rogers, Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995)Paul Carano and Pedro C. Sanchez, A Complete History of Guam(Rutland, VT: C. E. Tuttle, 1964)Howard P. Willens and Dirk Ballendorf, The Secret Guam Study: How President Ford's 1975 Approval of Commonwealth Was Blocked by Federal Officials(Mangilao, Guam: Micronesian Area Research Center; S...Lawrence J. Cunningham, Ancient Chamorro Society(Honolulu: Bess Press, 1992)Anthem History. As a United States dependency, the official national anthem is the "Star Spangled Banner" Guam has a territorial anthem titled "Stand Ye Guamanians" . Adopted in 1919, the words and music were written by Ramon Manalisay Sablan. Anthem Lyrics.
Aug 9, 2017 · The only reason America annexed Guam and its Chamorro inhabitants all those years ago was because the U.S. was at war with Spain. When the Spanish-American War broke out in April of 1898,...
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Mar 15, 2023 · Fanohge C Hamoru was adopted as the official song of the territory in 1919 and translated into Guam’s native language, CHamoru by Lagrimas Leon Guerrero Untalan in 1974. CHamorus, the indigenous people of Guam, have long fought for political independence from the United States Naval government.
