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The Kiram–Bates Treaty, also known as the Bates Treaty, was a treaty signed by the United States and the Sultanate of Sulu during the Philippine–American War. [1] [2] The treaty functioned to prevent the entry of the Sulu Sultanate into the Philippine–American War while the United States concentrated its forces in northern Luzon .
Dec 22, 2020 · How the Americans Double-Crossed Sultan Jamalul Kiram II. As the Philippine-American War ravaged the country, the Americans grew weary of the Sultanate of Sulu, so they sat down with Kiram and negotiated what is now known as the Bates Treaty. The treaty was crafted by the Americans to keep the Sultanate of Sulu from entering the fray in the ...
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On August 20, 1899, an agreement was signed in Jolo between United States General John C. Bates and the Sultan of Sulu, Hadji Mohammed Jamalul Kiram II. (Sultan of Sulu, Hadji Mohammed Jamalul Kiram II) Known as the "Bates Treaty", it promised to uphold mutual respect between the U.S. and the Sultanate of Sulu to respect Moro autonomy, and to ...
Aug 25, 2022 · General Bates was convinced that the article would provide a speedy means of doing away with slavery, but in this sense it proved disappointing. Sultan Jamalul Kiram II and the leading headmen who signed the treaty probably did not understand the concept of ‘the usual market value’ in the same way as the Americans did.
Volume I, Part 4 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899), pp. 130-133. Henceforth War Department Annual Reports will be cited as ARWD followed by the year of preparation in parentheses. 4 Notably, Jolo, Zamboanga, and Cotabato. . 5 General Bates' instructions and the text of the Agreement are found in
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The Bates Treaty did not last very long. After the U.S. had completed its goal of suppressing the resistance in northern Philippines, it unilaterally abrogated the Bates Treaty on March 2, 1904, claiming the Sultan had failed to quell Moro resistance and that the treaty was a hindrance to the effective colonial administration of the area.
Philippines, during the first years of the American colonial period from 1899. Up until 1902, virtually all official assessments of Sulu slavery emphasized its mild and benign character, but the perception changed abruptly in the middle of 1902. This was because of greater American understanding of Sulu society, including non-elite
