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  2. How does the vaccine work? The mRNA in the vaccine teaches your cells how to make copies of the spike protein. If you are exposed to the real virus later, your body will recognize it and know how to fight it off. After the mRNA delivers the instructions, your cells break it down and get rid of it. Antibody When your body responds to the vaccine ...

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    • Basic Flow of Genetic Information for Protein Formation in Humans
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    To understand mRNA vaccines it is important to understand fundamental differences between DNA and RNA DNA has two backbone strands whereas RNA usually has only one strand DNA functions to encode, store, and replicate genetic information RNA coverts the genetic code information contained in the DNA to proteins RNA contains the uracil base pair in p...

    In human cells, the flow of genetic information to protein formation is DNA to RNA to protein DNA replication is the process whereby identical copies of the original DNA are made and this occurs in the nucleus of the cell Transcription occurs in the nucleus and it is the first step in protein synthesis: an RNA copy is made from DNA and the RNA then...

    Basic Flow of Genetic Information for Protein Formation in Humans

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  3. Aug 30, 2021 · Key Points. mRNA vaccines inject cells with instructions to generate a protein that is normally found on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The protein that the person makes in response to the vaccine can cause an immune response without a person ever having been exposed to the virus that causes COVID-19.

  4. Apr 10, 2021 · Delivery and working mechanism of a mRNA vaccine. mRNA vaccine, containing the coding region of S protein flanked by the optimized 5'- and 3'-UTRs and polyA tail, is synthesized via IVT, followed by 5'-capping with a 5'-cap analogy and encapsulation with LNP for IM injection (step 1).

    • Jung Woo Park, Philip N.P. Lagniton, Yu Liu, Ren He Xu
    • 10.7150/ijbs.59233
    • 2021
    • Int J Biol Sci. 2021; 17(6): 1446-1460.
  5. 19 November 2020. How do mRNA vaccines work? Expressed protein (EP) Non-replicating. mRNA. 2. Immune responses. MHC-Peptide. 5’. CAP UTR. 1. CDS. 3’. UTR -AAAAAA. Self-amplifying. mRNA. 5’. CAP UTR Replicase CDS. 3’ 1. UTR -AAAAAA. mRNA constructs. 2. Delivery. 3. 4. NRM. SAM. 5. Replicase. Ribosome. 7. 6. Expression. Intracellular EP.

  6. What is mRNA? How do mRNA therapeutics like the COVID-19 vaccine work? What else can mRNA help us treat? This three-part series answers these questions and more.

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