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A landslide is a large amount of earth, rock, and other material that moves down a steep slope. Landslides happen when a layer of earth or rocks separates from the layer below it. The force of gravity pulls the loose layer downward. Landslides can be highly destructive.
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A mass of rock or soil moving down a slope is known as a landslide. A similar event involving snow is called an avalanche. Landslides differ in their type, speed, extent, and destructiveness. In some types, such as a rockfall, the material separates from the slope and falls rapidly.
Apr 26, 2024 · Mudslides can move at speeds of 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour. A landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land. Landslides are caused by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factors that make the slope unstable.
- Causes
- Types
- Causing Tsunamis
- Related Phenomena
- Landslide Prediction Mapping
- Prehistoric Landslides
- Historical Landslides
- Extraterrestrial Landslides
Landslides occur when the slope (or a portion of it) undergoes some processes that change its condition from stable to unstable. This is essentially due to a decrease in the shear strength of the slope material, an increase in the shear stressborne by the material, or a combination of the two. A change in the stability of a slope can be caused by a...
Hungr-Leroueil-Picarelli classification
In traditional usage, the term landslide has at one time or another been used to cover almost all forms of mass movement of rocks and regolithat the Earth's surface. In 1978, geologist David Varnes noted this imprecise usage and proposed a new, much tighter scheme for the classification of mass movements and subsidence processes. This scheme was later modified by Cruden and Varnes in 1996, and refined by Hutchinson (1988), Hungr et al. (2001), and finally by Hungr, Leroueil and Picarelli (201...
Shallow and deep-seated landslides
A landslide in which the sliding surface is located within the soil mantle or weathered bedrock(typically to a depth from few decimeters to some meters) is called a shallow landslide. Debris slides and debris flows are usually shallow. Shallow landslides can often happen in areas that have slopes with high permeable soils on top of low permeable soils. The low permeable soil traps the water in the shallower soil generating high water pressures. As the top soil is filled with water, it can bec...
Landslides that occur undersea, or have impact into water e.g. significant rockfall or volcanic collapse into the sea, can generate tsunamis. Massive landslides can also generate megatsunamis, which are usually hundreds of meters high. In 1958, one such tsunami occurred in Lituya Bayin Alaska.
An avalanche, similar in mechanism to a landslide, involves a large amount of ice, snow and rock falling quickly down the side of a mountain.A pyroclastic flow is caused by a collapsing cloud of hot ash, gas and rocks from a volcanic explosion that moves rapidly down an erupting volcano.Landslide hazard analysis and mapping can provide useful information for catastrophic loss reduction, and assist in the development of guidelines for sustainable land-use planning. The analysis is used to identify the factors that are related to landslides, estimate the relative contribution of factors causing slope failures, establish a relation b...
Storegga Slide, some 8,000 years ago off the western coast of Norway. Caused massive tsunamis in Doggerland and other countries connected to the North Sea. A total volume of 3,500 km3(840 cu mi) de...Landslide which moved Heart Mountainto its current location, the largest continental landslide discovered so far. In the 48 million years since the slide occurred, erosion has removed most of the p...Flims Rockslide, ca. 12 km3 (2.9 cu mi), Switzerland, some 10000 years ago in post-glacial Pleistocene/Holocene, the largest so far described in the alps and on dry land that can be easily identifi...The landslide around 200 BC which formed Lake Waikaremoana on the North Islandof New Zealand, where a large block of the Ngamoko Range slid and dammed a gorge of Waikaretaheke River, forming a natu...The 1806 Goldau landslide on September 2, 1806The Cap Diamant Québec rockslide on September 19, 1889Frank Slide, Turtle Mountain, Alberta, Canada, on 29 April 1903Khait landslide, Khait, Tajikistan, Soviet Union, on July 10, 1949Evidence of past landslides has been detected on many bodies in the solar system, but since most observations are made by probes that only observe for a limited time and most bodies in the solar system appear to be geologically inactive not many landslides are known to have happened in recent times. Both Venus and Mars have been subject to long-ter...
Landslides involve soil, rock, and debris sliding down slopes, triggered by rain, earthquakes, or human actions. They vary in speed and size, posing risks to property and lives. Teaching kids about landslides highlights slope stability, soil management, and safety measures.
A landslide generally refers to the downhill movement of rock, debris or soil. Various types of landslides: Falls Slides Topples Flows Spreads Landslides can occur on every type of...
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Apr 13, 2023 · What is a landslide? A landslide is a geological phenomenon that occurs when the stability of the slope is disrupted, leading to the sudden and rapid movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope or cliff. What causes landslides?
