Yahoo Web Search

Search results

1. Top results related to logic programming in ai

   • Logic programming in python

     Top Answer

     Answered Apr 10, 2020 · 6 votes

     I tried to develop something that uses prolog's syntax, approach and backtracking in python to solve the issue. I wrote pytholog library. I am sharing the answers to get comments and if there are better ways to do it.

     In pytholog I initiate a knowledge base and I query it.

     import pytholog as plfriends_kb = pl.KnowledgeBase("friends")friends_kb([ "has_lot_work(daniel, 8)", "has_lot_work(david, 3)", "stress(X, P) :- has_lot_work(X, P2), P is P2 / 100", "to_smoke(X, Prob) :- stress(X, P1), friends(Y, X), influences(Y, X, P2), smokes(Y), Prob is P1 + P2", "to_have_asthma(X, 0.3) :- smokes(X)", "to_have_asthma(X, Prob) :- to_smoke(X, P2), Prob is P2 * 0.25", "friends(X, Y) :- friend(X, Y)", "friends(X, Y) :- friend(Y, X)", "influences(X, Y, 0.4) :- friends(X, Y)", "friend(peter, david)", "friend(peter, rebecca)", "friend(daniel, rebecca)", "smokes(peter)", "smokes(rebecca)"])print(friends_kb.query(pl.Expr("to_smoke(Who, P)")))# [{'Who': 'daniel', 'P': 0.48000000000000004}, {'Who': 'david', 'P': 0.43000000000000005}]print(friends_kb.query(pl.Expr("to_have_asthma(Who, P)")))# [{'Who': 'peter', 'P': '0.3'}, {'Who': 'rebecca', 'P': '0.3'}, {'Who': 'daniel', 'P': 0.12000000000000001}, {'Who': 'david', 'P': 0.10750000000000001}]

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     1/5

   • Programming Logic: How to Check for Neighbors in a Grid?

     Top Answer

     Answered Sep 23, 2010 · 6 votes

     Here's a simple way of getting a neighbour position avoiding worrying about the sides:

     int leftX = (x - 1 + width) % width;int rightX = (x + 1) % width;int aboveY = (y - 1 + height) % height;int belowY = (y + 1) % height;-

     It's possibly not the most efficient way of doing it, but it keeps each calculation to a single, simple expression. That's assuming you want wrap-around, of course. If you don't, you'll have to do things conditionally:

     if (x > 0){ // Use x - 1}if (x < width - 1){ // Use x + 1}

     Other Answers

     Answered Sep 23, 2010 · 5 votes

     Basically you want to access the neighbor of a cell, while ensuring you are not out of the grid. You can try a simple algorithm:

     Provided that the center cell (where you are) is (x,y), and that you want to check the diagonals as well. Your grid is [0,W[ on X, and [0,H[ on Y (basically W x H, starting from (0,0))

     for (i=-1 ; i<2 ; i++) for (j=-1 ; j<2 ; j++) if (i !=0 && j != 0) { rx = x + i; ry = y + j; if (rx >= 0 && ry >= 0 && rx < W && ry < H) { // I'm in } else { // I'm out } }

     This can be optimized on (i,j), e.g. i starts from 0 if x is 0.

     If you don't want the diagonals, you only have to check (x-1,y) (x+1,y) (x,y-1) and (x,y+1),

     for (i=-1 ; i<2 ; i+=2) { // check (x+i, y) // check (x, y+i) }

     Other Answers

     Answered Sep 23, 2010 · 4 votes

     What's it a 2d array of? Perhaps some objects that have state such as "Occupied" and "Empty" or some such? In which case introdcuce a new state such as "Edge" and "Corner" and create the 2-D array 1 cell bigger in every direction. Then your neighbour checker can just use simple +/- logic and then the processing for the set of neighbours can choose to ignore any edges.

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     2/5

   • logic programming - find synonyms of a given word

     Top Answer

     Answered Apr 09, 2021 · 1 votes

     In general, this just looks like you are interested in the transitive closure (of a graph)?

     For undirected graphs ("Being synonyms doesn’t depend on order"), this is related to Connected Components (and here we directly see some logic-relation as 2-SAT algorithms also exploit connected components).

     Maybe see also: Algowiki

     Basically:

     • preprocessing-time: calculate the transitive closure of your input
     • query-time -> synonym(a,b): check if edge (a,b) exists

     Or without preprocessing: just look for a path on-demand:

     • query-time -> synonym(a,b): check if there is a path between a, b BFS/DFS

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     3/5

   • Programming logic for income tax calculation

     Top Answer

     Answered Jan 21, 2012 · 2 votes

     function get_taxed_salary($salary){ if ($salary <= 150 ){ return $salary; }; if ($salary <= 650){ return ( 0.9 * $salary - 15.0 ); }; ...}

     later in your code you use that function like:

     $taxed_salary = get_taxed_salary($salary);-

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     4/5

   • Programming Logic/Psuedocode

     Top Answer

     Answered Jan 24, 2021 · 2 votes

     A simple method to generate some solutions is to pick a first row arbitrarily and then fill out each subsequent row by taking one minus the previous row. We can also do this with columns.

     It turns out that every valid matrix is generated by one of these two variants (note that the two perfect checkerboards are generated by both). The reason is that if the first row has adjacent zeros or adjacent ones, then the entries below it are forced, these force the rest of the row to be one minus the previous row, and in turn the rest of the rows are forced. Ditto columns. If neither the first row nor the first column has a duplicate, then we have one of the two checkerboards.

     Maximizing isn't too hard. For alternating rows, decide for each column whether the even rows or the odd rows are more valuable. For alternating columns, decide for each row whether the even columns or the odd columns are more valuable. Take the best of these two solutions.

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     5/5

   Show moreShow less

2. plato.stanford.edu › entries › logic-aiLogic-Based Artificial Intelligence (Stanford Encyclopedia of ...

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › logic-ai

   Aug 27, 2003 · 1. Logic in Artificial Intelligence. 1.1 The Role of Logic in Artificial Intelligence. 1.2 Philosophical Logic. 1.3 Logic in AI and Philosophical Logic. 2. John McCarthy and Commonsense Logicism. 2.1 Logic and AI. 2.2 The Formalization of Common Sense. 3. Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Nonmonotonic Logics. 3.1 Nonmonotonicity. 3.2 Beginnings.

3. www.geeksforgeeks.org › prolog-an-introductionProlog | An Introduction - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org › prolog-an-introduction

   • Cached

   Jun 28, 2022 · Prolog is a logic programming language. It has important role in artificial intelligence. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language. In prolog, logic is expressed as relations (called as Facts and Rules).

4. medium.com › abacus-ai › an-overview-of-logic-in-aiAn Overview of Logic in AI and Machine Learning - Medium

   medium.com › abacus-ai › an-overview-of-logic-in-ai

   • Cached

   Aug 8, 2019 · Follow. Published in. Abacus.AI Blog (Formerly RealityEngines.AI) ·. 9 min read. ·. Aug 8, 2019. 3. TL;DR: Logic can help AI and ML in complex domains or in domains with very little data. In this...

5. builtin.com › software-engineering-perspectives › prologIntroduction to Prolog: A Programming Language for AI | Built In

   builtin.com › software-engineering-perspectives › prolog

   • Cached

   Nov 1, 2023 · Prolog is a declarative programming language designed for developing logic-based AI applications. Developers can set rules and facts around a problem, and then Prolog’s interpreter will use that information to automatically infer solutions.

6. www.arubacloud.com › logic-programming-for-aiLogic Programming for Artificial Intelligence in Python

   www.arubacloud.com › logic-programming-for-ai

   • Cached

   May 7, 2022 · This tutorial was meant to touch base with Logic Programming, Functional Programming, and their respective importance in the enhancement of AI algorithms. There are multiple advanced examples of use between these programming paradigms that are often used in group theory, natural language processing, etc.

7. towardsdatascience.com › logic-programming-and-theLogic Programming and the Design of Humanistic AI using ...

   towardsdatascience.com › logic-programming-and-the

   • Cached

   Jul 21, 2021 · One such creative construct being used to build AI is Logic Programming. LP deals with rules, functions, and inferences. It is derived from the fact that when a machine is trained enough to understand the rules present in its environment and later uses these rules to distinguish between “right” and “wrong”, that is when the machine has ...

8. link.springer.com › chapter › 10Logic Programming and Prolog | SpringerLink

   link.springer.com › chapter › 10

   • Cached

   Apr 5, 2020 · Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence. K. R. Chowdhary. 12k Accesses. Abstract. Prolog is logic programming languages for AI, based on predicate logic.