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Jul 14, 2020 · Eighteenth-century images of the guillotining of King Louis XVI, which came to represent the changing nature of the French Revolution.
- Early Life
- Marriage & Children
- King of France & Navarre
- Decay of Monarchy
- Enemy of The Revolution
The future Louis XVI of France was born on 23 August 1754 as Louis-Auguste de France in the palaceof Versailles. He was the son of Louis-Ferdinand, dauphin of France, who himself was the only surviving son of King Louis XV of France (r. 1715-1774). The dauphin had first been married to Infanta Maria-Theresa of Spain, and their marriage was an affec...
In 1768, to strengthen the new Franco-Austrian alliance, Louis XV arranged for his heir to marry the Austrian archduchess Maria Antonia, youngest daughter of Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa (r. 1740-1780). The wedding was celebrated in Versailles two years later, on 16 May 1770, when Louis-Auguste was 15 and his bride was 14. Despite going by the Fr...
On 10 May 1774, King Louis XV died at the age of 64. Only 19 years old, Louis-Auguste ascended the throne as Louis XVI, King of France and Navarre. However, along with his grandfather's kingdom, Louis XVI also inherited massive state debt and societal issues that were already eating away at the Ancien Régime's structure. Louis' official coronation ...
By the 1780s, the financial crisis became impossible to ignore. Drawing up a list of financial reforms, Louis' ministers were thwarted by the parlements, who saw an opportunity to regain some of their authority. The Revolt of the Parlements of 1788 helped intertwine French financial difficulties with the mounting social upheaval, as people across t...
On the night of 20-21 June 1791, Louis and his family attempted to escape the Tuileries. The king's Flight to Varennes was a failure; although in disguise, Louis was recognized from his portrait on a 50-livre assignatand was escorted back to Paris by the National Guard. This was a watershed moment in the Revolution; prior to this, the king had been...
Title: Caricature Showing Louis XVI as a Ram. Artist: Anonymous, French, 18th century. Date: 18th century. Medium: Etching. Dimensions: sheet: 4 1/2 x 3 7/8 in. (11.5 x 9.8 cm) Classification: Prints. Credit Line: The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1962. Accession Number: 62.520.13.
On the cold, foggy morning of January 21, 1793—225 years ago—French King Louis XVI made the hour and a half journey through the city of Paris from the Temple, the fortified medieval monastery where he was imprisoned, to the Place de la Révolution, where the scaffold for his execution was assembled.
Louis and Queen Marie-Antoinette then became frequent targets of French caricaturists, who often depicted them in a sort of reverse anthropomorphism, as animals with human heads. Here, the royal couple is portrayed as a two-headed creature that pulls in opposite directions.
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